The Importance of John Adams 1763-1776 - 1606 Words

The Importance of John Adams 1763-1776 â€Å"Fear is the foundation of most governments,† (1) quoted by the fearless leader John Adams. John Adams played significant roles during the years of 1763 through 1776. He was in support of self-governing and independence which caused him to become the leader of the Boston Massacre. Between 1765 and 1776, Adams’s involvement in radical politics ran apace with the escalation of events. In 1770, he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and he later served as chief legal counsel to the Patriot faction and wrote several important resolutions for the lower house in its running battle with Governor Thomas Hutchinson. He also wrote a penetrating essay on the need for an†¦show more content†¦His work was first published in the Boston Gazette and was published on January 23, 1775. In America, John Adams works were published as pamphlets, but in London they were published in abridged form. His essays were sig ned Novanglus, and they were a reply to other essays signed, Massachusettensis. John Adams did not know who the artist of Massachusettensis was but he had a very strong feeling that it was Jonathan Sewell, later he discovered that his antagonist was Daniel Leonard. Many believe that John Adams played a role in the Boston Tea Party, but in actuality he had nothing to do with the Boston Tea Party, only thing Adams did was approve it. He felt it had reasonable motives, was very bold, and should be marked as a big moment in history. Adams believed British wouldn’t respect the colonist rights unless someone forced them. That’s how John Adams became one of the four most important Patriot leaders in Boston. After the Boston Tea Party, King George III grew highly furious because so much tea was destroyed and he closed the whole Boston port. Not only did King George III close the port of Boston but he was so extremely upset that he suspended all town meetings in Massachusettsâ €™ colonies and instead of having Boston listed as the capital of Massachusetts, he made Salem the capital. King George III wanted these new rules to stay enforced until Boston could find a way to pay back all the tea that they decidedShow MoreRelatedThe Revolutionary Era Took Place From 1763-17891374 Words   |  6 Pages The Revolutionary era took place from 1763-1789. In this era was the Continental Congress. 1774, Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia, address many grievances against British, called First Continental Congress, included George Washington and John Adams. October 1774, First Continental Congress petitioned King George lll, Congress called for a general boycott of British goods. May 1775, Second Continental Congress, State house (now Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, new members included BenjaminRead MoreAbigail Adams : A Revolutionary Woman1382 Words   |  6 Pages  Charles W. Akers. Abigail Adams: A Revolutionary Woman. Third ed. New York: Pe arson Longman, 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Charles W. Akers’ Abigail Adams: A Revolutionary Woman is written about Abigail Adams whom is the wife to the second president of the United States, John Adams. Abigail begins by describing the role of women during the colonial time when the US only consisted of the 13 colonies. Starting with her birth on November 11, 1744 to her death on October 28, 1818 Abigail describes the role she playedRead More Declaration of Independence Essay2008 Words   |  9 Pageswith big smile on their faces; it is not somebody’s birthday nor it is an ordinary day. It is a true festival, a country’s birthday. The Fourth of July marks the anniversary of the glorious day in 1776 when America, as a new nation declared to the world its independence from monarchs. Because of the importance of this day, thus, the Declaration of Independence can be considered as one of the most influential documents in American History. Not only that, other organiz ations and countries have also adoptedRead MoreAmerican History Exam1824 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential monarch of the Colonial Era, King George the Third reigned England and colonial America from 1760 to 1820. His influence was held mostly over the colony of Massachusetts. He authorized his most influential Prime Minister, George Grenville (1763-1765), to carry out atrocious acts such as the Sugar and Quartering Acts of 1764 and 1765, as well as the unforgettable Stamp Act of 1766. King George III and Grenville are also responsible for the tax left on tea, inevitably leading up to the BostonRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence Essay5844 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (1776) Thomas Jefferson Context The Declaration of Independence,  completed and signed in July of 1776, marked the official separation between the 13 colonies and Great Britain. An armed struggle between the colonies and Britain had begun just over a year before, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The formal declaration of independence established the new American revolutionary government and officially declared war against Great Britain. The primaryRead MoreAp Us2464 Words   |  10 PagesA. OP 1 Between 1607 and 1763, the British North American colonies developed experience in, and the expectation of self government in the political, religious, economic and social aspects of life. THESIS: Between the years of 1607and 1763, the British North American colonies developed experience and the expectation of self government in the political such as the Mayflower Compact, religious dealing with the Puritans, economic with the establishment of tobacco, and social such as Indians, aspectsRead MoreEvaluate The Relative Importance Of The Following As Factors Prompting Americans To Rebel In 17761759 Words   |  8 PagesEvaluate the relative importance of the following as factors prompting Americans to rebel in 1776: Parliamentary taxation Restriction of civil liberties British Military Measures The legacy of colonial religion and political ideas The British colonies in America from the time they were established up until around 1763 had a policy of Salutary Neglect. Salutary Neglect meant that the British would not interfere with the colonies national or even international affairs. This benefittedRead MoreRevisiting, Revising, and Reviving Americas Founding Era6252 Words   |  26 PagesMost Americans nowadays like to think that they have the American Revolution pretty well figured out. Conventional wisdom starts the saga in 1763 when Britain, saddled with debt at the close of the Seven Years War, levied new taxes that prompted her American colonists to resist, and then to reject, imperial rule. Having declared independence and defeated the British, American patriots then drafted the constitution that remains the law of the land to this day. With George Washingtons inaugurationRead MoreEssay about Biography of Patrick Henry1527 Words   |  7 PagesCounty, Virginia. He grew up in a Presbyterian believing home, Patricks father, John Henry, was a Scott, who taught Patrick most of his schooling until he was about fifteen. As Patrick grew up, people found him to be a charming, bright young boy with a gentle, sweet spirit and a good sense of humor. Yet he was still a boy, who loved to hunt with his Uncle, and working was not his fancy. So, John Henry, observing that Patrick and his older brother Jack, in his eyes, wereRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 Pagesdemocracy developing in colonial America Pocahontas Anne Hutchinson Benjamin Franklin Royal veto John Rolfe Roger Williams George Whitefield Lord Baltimore William Bradford John Peter Zenger Virtual representation Walter Raleigh John Winthrop Paxton boys James Oglethorpe Puritans Triangular trade First Continental Congress John Smith Separatists Molasses Act Sugar Act Francis Drake Pilgrims Scots-Irish Quartering Act

Normative Discontent of Body Image - 960 Words

Many people in modern culture have developed what has been termed a normative discontent with their bodies. Women are particularly vulnerable to this development of body dissatisfaction, which has been shown to create numerous negative heath issues. These health issues are a direct result from trying to achieve the unrealistic ideal image media has created. This idea on how the body should look floods modern media and women are discriminated upon if they are unable to meet these strict physical requirements. However, unknown to the masses, the majority of the physical characteristics portrayed are achieved from digital enhancement and not only the product of weight loss. It is my goal within this paper to discuss the populations affected†¦show more content†¦This causes a malnourished state has been known to cause many harmful health problems. Extreme fatigue, muscle weakness, fainting, and dizziness can all be linked improper levels of vitamins and minerals. (cite bulimia) On average, women generally have 6 to 11 percent more body fat than men. Studies show that a women’s hormone estrogen reduces their ability to convert food into energy which results in an increase amount of stored body fat. When the body reaches a low body fat percentage Amenorrhea, the loss of menstruation in women is a likely outcome. This can be a major health concern for young women and should be checked out immediately. Even with all of these negative health issues women are still inclined to achieve an unhealthy body weight. We are no longer exercising for health benefits; but rather to keep up appearance issues at any cost. http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/20/world/study-finds-tv-alters-fiji-girls-view-of-body.html BD travels across cultures One of the most concerning aspects about this western way of thinking is the fact that is expanding to other parts of the world. Culture is a major contributor to the way body images are formed. As a result, different cultures around the world will have different views regarding what is considered attractive. For example, in Polynesian culture bigger thicker individuals wereShow MoreRelatedBeauty Standards For Black Women839 Words   |  4 Pagessurprise that women, in large, are dissatisfied with their bodies. This widespread body dissatisfaction amongst women was coined â€Å"normative discontent† (Rodin, Silberstein, Streigel-Moore, 1984). Although body dissatisfaction seemingly plagues women as a whole, there are several factors that can either serve as a protective factor or a risk factor for the development of body dissatisfaction. Much of the research regarding this normative discontent excludes culturally relevant factors for African AmericanRead MoreThe Medias Influ ence on Adolescent Women1392 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced and affected by the media. 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One of the main reasons for the prevalence of these conditions in women was due to contemporary Western media, which serveRead MoreThe Media Is Responsible For The Increase Of Eating Disorders1452 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent viewpoints on how the media plays a role in today’s era. My research will study the influence of media on eating behaviors and the significant studies regarding this topic. My paper will also cover the outcomes of media portraying unhealthy body images, weight loss ads, and the influence of the internet encouraging eating disorders. Based on the research, it can be clear that the media is responsible for the increase of eating disorders in today’s society. Therefore, it is important to take counteractiveRead MoreHow Is Lutie Johnson s Murder Of Boots Smith And Bigger Thomas Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pages We see that both novels parallel and have a discussion with each other with regards to the African American struggle and the unattainable goal of success. We see that in both cases the American Dream is a cultural myth, which only benefits the normative White American society. In the editorial titled, The Anglo Inflection of Black America, author Spencer Lee Ash focuses on this very issue of the Anglo inflection on African Americans. He states how blacks have bought into a â€Å"White American† modelRead MoreHow Is Lutie Johnson s Murder Of Boots Smith And Bigger Thomas Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pages We see that both novels parallel and have a discussion with each other with regards to the African American struggle and the unattainable goal of success. We see that in both cases the American Dream is a cultural myth, which only benefits the normative White American society. In the editorial titled, The Anglo Inflection of Black America, author Spencer Lee Ash focuses on this very issue of the Anglo inflection on African Americans. He states how blacks have bought into a â€Å"White American† modelRead MoreHow Media Images Promote Body Dissatisfaction1364 Words   |  6 PagesMany people in modern culture have developed what has been termed a normative discontent with their bodies. Women are particularly vulnerable to this development of body dissatisfaction, which has been shown to create numerous negative heath issues. These health issues are a direct result from trying to achieve the unrealistic ideal image that media has created. This idea on how the body should look fl oods modern media and women are discriminated upon if they are unable to meet these strict physicalRead MoreThe Street By Ann Petry Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pages We see that both novels parallel and have a discussion with each other with regards to the African American struggle and the unattainable goal of success. We see that in both cases the American Dream is a cultural myth, which only benefits the normative White American society. We start with the novel The Street, which closes with Lutie Johnson transformed into a fury, blinded by emotions as she can only see the oppression she faces, forgetting that she is beating the hated Boots Smith to death.Read MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesadult women aren’t even ready to have a baby, but what about when a teen becomes pregnant? Their bodies may not be fully developed yet, they probably don’t have the support they need in order to handle a situation like getting pregnant, they are still trying to finish school, and the body image issues have probably already started. Whether we’re male or female, adolescence is already a hard time. Our bodies are changing, we’re confused about what is happening, we have to deal with new sexual urges, andRead MoreEssay about Eating Disorders: A Feminist Issue1575 Words   |  7 Pages(1993) makes the argument that the fear of womens fat is actually a fear of womens power. 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A Hostile And Threatening World Essay Research free essay sample

A Hostile And Threatening World Essay, Research Paper Ernest Hemmingway # 8217 ; s chief characters, frequently referred to as heroes, # 8220 ; Live in a universe that is like a hostile wood, full of unobserved dangers, non to advert incubuss that haunt their slumber # 8221 ; harmonizing to Malcolm Cowley. # 8220 ; Death undercover agents on them from behind every tree. Their lone opportunity of safety prevarications in the faithful observation of imposts that they invent for themselves. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Soldier # 8217 ; s Home, # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Big Two-Hearted River, # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; The Snows of Kilimanjaro, # 8221 ; all depict this impression of following self-invented imposts to protect themselves from menace. # 8220 ; Soldier # 8217 ; s Home # 8221 ; is a narrative about immature adult male who has merely returned place from World War I, # 8220 ; Big Two-Hearted River # 8221 ; is a narrative of a adult male bivouacing entirely in the wilderness, and # 8220 ; The Snows of Kilimanjaro # 8221 ; is a narrative about a adult male deceasing from sphacelus in Africa. Hemmingway # 8217 ; s heroes exist in the oculus of a hurricane, the walls environing like the line between life and decease. They are isolated within this, executing self-invented rites to guard away the danger in which they are everlastingly screening themselves from as it approaches closer with every go throughing year.The thought of a lurking danger is present even in Hemmingway # 8217 ; s early short narratives when the hero is younger. In # 8220 ; Soldier # 8217 ; s Home, # 8221 ; the hero, Krebs, has upseting skulking memories of World War One that plague his head, forestalling him from populating like the other ex-soldiers in his town. Protecting himself from these memories is a set of rites preformed daily, to guard him from exposing these to others and to forestall him from invariably believing of them. # 8221 ; He was kiping in late in bed, acquiring up to walk down town to the library to acquire a book, eating tiffin at his place, reading on the forepart porch until he became board and walking downtown [ to play pool with his friends ] In the eventide he practiced on his clarinet, strolled down town and went to bed. # 8221 ; This day-to-day modus operandi allows Krebs to populate a more normal life although the lurking memories prevent him from making certain activities. He was unable to execute any activity that creates excessively many effects for both himself and others including acquiring a girlfriend. Although he wants one, the procedure of both acquiring and maintaining one creates excessively many effects because # 8220 ; he did non desire to acquire into the machination or political relations. He did non desire to make any courtship. He did non desire to state any more lies. # 8221 ; Whatever memory is doing him to do these prevarications, is the same that prevents him from stating and making even the most cardinal things. When Krebs # 8217 ; mother asked is he loved her, he replied # 8220 ; No I don # 8217 ; t love anybody. # 8221 ; Immediately afterwards he realizes his error but Krebs is non willing to state her because # 8220 ; it wasn # 8217 ; t any good He couldn # 8217 ; t do her see it. # 8221 ; The same cryptic # 8220 ; it # 8221 ; that prevents him from stating the truth, is the same # 8220 ; it # 8221 ; that prevents him from praying, for whatever happened caused him to experience that he is no longer in God # 8217 ; s land. Something inordinately upseting must hold occurred to do this, like the realisation of how bloodthirstily he had killed, or how much hurting and agony he had single-handedly caused the households of the people he killed. Whatever # 8220 ; it # 8221 ; he is mentioning to is neer reveled to the reader, and left for them to make up ones mind themselves. This # 8220 ; it # 8221 ; is the ground for the creative activity of his day-to-day protective rite. The endangering # 8220 ; it # 8221 ; which is doing Krebs to state prevarications is ready to assail if revealed or remembered. The endangering hurricane oculus is ready for the opportunity to compress for the putting to death. As the Hem mingway hero ages, the fright begins to lessen, vanishing at times but ever able to resurface. The hero, now Nick, continues to follow rites and regulations to forestall the ideas from repeating. This mentality and action is illustrated throughout # 8220 ; Big Two-Hearted River, # 8221 ; in which Nick to get down in an composed mental province so reverts to a province much like that of # 8220 ; Soldier # 8217 ; s Home # 8221 ; . Throughout his jaunt, Nick Adams performs many rites. Smoking occurs on multiple occasions. Nick smokes foremost merely before he surveies the grasshopper, doing the find that the grasshoppers were all black due to the recent fire. Subsequently, as Nick fumes after losing the immense trout, he loses his feeling of letdown, and begins to angle once more. In both cases smoke caused Nick # 8217 ; s mind to concentrate doing all other ideas to vanish, leting him to go on his activities. The majority of these rites appear when Nick sets up cantonment. He has everything he could perchance necessitate so that no complications will of all time originate when he is executing these including his bag of nails, a sauteing pan, an ax, a wire grill, cheesecloth, full fishing cogwheel, a bottle of ketchup, and many other assorted points. The heavy battalion likely weighs in surplus of 80 lbs, which is evidently more than most people would necessitate to transport to put up an tantamount cantonment. He sets up his cantonment and collapsible shelter with preciseness utilizing a really orderly procedure, making a topographic point that was â€Å"mysterious and homelike.† The rite of java devising is one of the few processs that Nick did non contrive himself. Following the procedure meticulously, Nick brought the mixture of H2O and evidences to a furuncle, doing Nick to have a mental encouragement as â€Å"it was a victory for Ho pkins† . The following forenoon Nick continues following his rites by coercing himself to eat breakfast and fix tiffin. Later, while fishing, Nick follows the regulation of ever wetting your manus before managing fish, for non making so will do the fish to contract a fungus, doing them to decease. Nick besides states many fishing regulations like â€Å"there will be no large trout in the shoals, † trout fell in every shadow, and â€Å"after the Sun has crossed toward the hills, the trout would be in the cool shadows on the other side of the stream.† Hiding behind these regulations works good in the beginning so becomes more hard as the narrative progresses. The first mark of this inhumed feeling or memory seeking to resurface appears as nick looks into the pool † merely after go forthing the train. Nick’s bosom tightened as the trout moved. He felt that old feeling.† Later, when he is angling, the feelings rise once more as he looks into he bra nch filled hole so looks into the swamp where the old feeling rises once more, merely this clip the danger is closer and is more than merely an thought. It seems as though this is the first clip he believes he has he has the power to suppress this feeling and frighten off the deathlike presence in the swamp. Nick begins experiencing happy, so reverts to his fearful mental province, the danger this clip non arising in Europe, but in the swamp merely across the watercourse from his cantonment. The menace turns lifelessly in # 8220 ; The Snows of Kilimanjaro. # 8221 ; Harry, now the middle-aged hero, is trapped on his deathbed with sphacelus. Basically incapacitated, he unable to get away impending day of reckoning because he is unable to follow his usage, which he has been pretermiting for many old ages. Harry, an writer, alcoholic, adult females chaser, and huntsman has so many narratives that he should hold written, because # 8221 ; There was so much to compose. He had seen the universe alteration ; non merely the events ; although he ad seen many of them and had watched the people, but he had see elusive alteration and he could retrieve how people were at different times. He had been in it and he had watched it and it was his responsibility to compose it ; but now he neer would. # 8221 ; Harry, through disregard and ignorance, allowed many of his best narratives to travel everlastingly unpublished. Helping in this disregard is alcohol. His imbibing and whoring in Pa ris along with his married woman # 8217 ; s imploring by his deathbed calls and so hastens the reaching of decease. Death attacks and puts his weight upon him, everlastingly hushing the troubled adult male. The menace has moved dramatically from where it was last seen in a nearby swamp. It has eventually been able to make and touch the hero, doing a Swift and clean death. Doom is certain for the Hemmingway hero. Early on, he is able to guard it off through the faithful observation of invented imposts, but as these imposts became ignored, the oculus of the hurricane that he is trapped within eventually catch him, doing him to traverse the round boundary line between the comparative composure of the oculus, and the deathly force of the environing wall. # 8220 ; Soldier # 8217 ; s Home # 8221 ; presented Krebs with distressing World War One memories from Europe, # 8220 ; Big Two-Hearted River # 8221 ; presented a endangering nearby swamp, and # 8220 ; The Snows of Kilimanjaro # 8221 ; presented a doomed adult male with sphacelus. All three short narratives have a progressing intimacy of decease and demo how the hero uses usage and ritual to guard off the ever-nearing menace. Malcolm Cowley # 8217 ; s hypothesis was right. Death does descry on the characters from every tree, everlastingly ready to near if the imposts are of all time neglected.

Comparison Between Han Dynasty in China and Imperial Rome free essay sample

Both the Han Dynasty in China and Imperial Rome had extensive communication systems that allowed political control over a large area, and political philosophies were influenced by beliefs in both societies. However, Rome use a vast system of roads known as the Persian Royal Roads for communication regarding politics, while the Silk Road in Han China allowed for political communication between the Han and the rest of China. The strong tie between Confucianism and Legalism to the Han government led to certain strict laws and policies, while Christian beliefs allowed the Pope to become a political figure in Rome. Invasions from Germanic tribes led to the fall of Rome, while an event known as the Yellow Turban Uprising led to the fall of the Han Dynasty. Both societies had extensive communication systems that allowed for control of a central government over a large area. Communication dealing with politics became easier through the use of extensive roads. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between Han Dynasty in China and Imperial Rome or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Merchants and those who carried the news also used the roads in both societies. Lastly, the road systems of both societies enabled cultural diffusion, but also diffusion of political ideas. Therefore the Han Dynasty and Imperial Rome relied heavily on the use of the Silk Roads and the Persian Royal Roads to communicate issues of politics. Imperial Rome was ended through attacks from Germanic tribes, while the Yellow Turban uprising led to the fall of the Han Dynasty in China. With pressure existing from the Huns, groups of Germanic people flushed into the Roman Empire, eventually leading to the fall of Imperial Rome. Problems dealing with land distribution contributed to several rebellions, including the most significant uprising known as the Yellow Turban Uprising. During the Han Dynasty, factions at court paralyzed the Han central government, dissolving the empire, splitting the dynasty into regional kingdoms. External attacks led to the end of Imperial Rome, while internal conflicts led to the total disappearance of the Han Dynasty in China. Both societies were strongly patriarchal. Julius Caesar, a popular social reformer and conqueror, became part of the first triumvirate to rule Rome. Octavian, later known as Augustus, became the sole ruler of Rome, after defeating Mark Anthony. Similarly, in the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang founded and was the first emperor of the Han Dynasty, thus displaying strong patriarchal characteristics in the Han Dynasty. Although the accomplishments of these men were different, both societies were heavily influenced by male patriarchs. The two societies had different beliefs allowing for different influences on the government. In imperial Rome, the Pope became a high ranking political figure due to strong ties between the Roman government and the Christian church. Han bureaucrats and leaders, being educated in a Confucius based university, had strict laws based on legalist policies and saw activism in ones community to be important. Therefore, while Romes government was heavily impacted by Christianity, the leaders and bureaucrats of the Han Dynasty based their policies on the Confucius education they received. While Imperial Rome and the Han Dynasty in China both had extensive communication systems and were strongly patriarchal societies, the political characteristics of both societies began to defer during the end of both civilizations and because of the beliefs that caused certain political practices within each of the two societies.

Combating Female Genital Mutation In Sudan Essays -

Combating Female Genital Mutation In Sudan Combating Genital Mutilation in Sudan In the country of Sudan, in Northern Africa, there is a procedure that is tradition and is performed on most women called female genital mutilation, or FGM, which used to be known as female circumcision. It has been a normal practice for generations, but is now the subject for international controversy on the morality and safety of this procedure. It is now known that 82 percent of Sudanese woman have an extreme form of genital mutilation done on them, normally at a young age. This form of mutilation is called the Pharaonic form and includes the total removal of the clitoris and labia, and stitching together of the vulva, leaving only a small hole for urination and menstrual cycle. This is normally done without any type of anaesthetic or professional medical care. There is also a more moderate form of mutilation, called Sunni, where only the covering of the clitoris is removed. This practice started and became tradition in foreign countries in or der to ensure that women practice chaste behavior, and to suppress female sexuality. It has also been attributed to religious beliefs of monogamy although most religions do not support this type of practice. In today's society it has become more of a traditional and social norm, and has less to do with religious beliefs. This problem is not only in Sudan; it is practiced in the majority of the continent of Africa as well as other countries. In other cultures, such as Australian aborigines, genital mutilation is a part of the rite of passage into maturation, and is done on both men and women (Bodley, p. 58). FGM has often been referred to as female circumcision and compared to male circumcision. However, such comparison is often misleading. Both practices include the removal of well- functioning parts of the genitalia and are quite unnecessary. However, FGM is far more drastic and damaging than male circumcision because it is extremely dangerous and painful. It is believed that two t hirds of these procedures are done by untrained birth attendants, who have little knowledge of health. They are often unconcerned with hygiene, and many use instruments that are not cleaned or disinfected properly. Instruments such as razor blades, scissors, kitchen knives, and pieces of glass are commonly used. These instruments are frequently used on several girls in succession and are rarely cleaned, causing the transmission of a variety of viruses such as the HIV virus, and other infections. There are many side effects of this procedure including trauma, stress or shock from the extreme pain; and bleeding, hemorrhaging and infections that can be fatal from improperly cleaned instruments. There can also be painful and difficult sexual relations and obstructed childbirth. The effects of this one procedure can last a lifetime, both physically and pyschologically. Today, 85 to 114 million girls and women in more than 30 countries have been subjected to some form of genital mutilatio n. It was declared illegal in Sudan in 1941, although that did little to stop this age-old tradition. To this day, about 90% of women are still being subjected to the mutilation, especially if it is a family tradition. In various cultures there are many justifications for these practices. Many older women feel that if they have an uncircumcised daughter, she will not be able to find a husband and will become a social outcast. Family honor, cleanliness, protection against spells, insurance of virginity and faithfulness to the husband, or simply terrorizing women out of sex are sometimes used as excuses for the practice of FGM. Examples similar to this are found in other cultures, such as the Maasai, an African cattle peoples tribe. A clitoridectomy is performed on adolescent girls in this tribe as part of their rite of passage, and signifies that they are ready for marriage. This practice is openly accepted by these women as another ritual and a normal precondition of marriage (Bodle y, p. 121). The efforts to stop procedures of this kind are mounting though, especially with the help of women ages 16 to 30 who realize the dangers of this practice. These women can help to save their daughters and many other

Gerry Mulligan essays

Gerry Mulligan essays Gerry Mulligan was known for his outstanding writing skills along with his talent as a baritone saxophonist. Mulligans skills were developed at an early age, when he was seventeen he wrote for Jonny Warringtons radio band. Even before settling on the baritone sax, he played the piano and other various reed instruments. He also wrote arrangements for influential musicians such as Claude Thornhill and Stan Kenton (Down Beat 1). Mulligan became known for his work as an arranger, writer, and soloist on the Miles Davis Album The Birth of Cool. Some of Mulligans Compositions included on this album are Godchild and Jeru (Klinkowitz 233). His influential involvement with this album helped to launch his career. After his success he then moved to Los Angeles where Mulligan, along with trumpeter Chet Baker, formed the first piano-less quartet (Down Beat1) This was unheard of at the time, and was definitely a shock to the jazz community (Williams 29). The event that attributed to this unusual quartet happened at a gig one night when the piano player, Jimmy Rawles didnt show up. Due to the fact that the group was forced to play without him, Mulligan came to the realization that he could carry the band without the use of a piano. That night they cut three numbers and convinced a club owner that if he stored the piano elsewhere, it would create more space for people to sit. This in turn would increase the numbers of the audience, and therefore increase the profit. The owner, liking the idea, hired the quartet. This led to the start of the popularity of the piano-less After some time Chet Baker was replaced with trombonist Bob Brookmeyer (Excite 1). Brookmeyer had a happier more lively feeling that was in great contrast to the former quartet in which Baker as the trombonist. Their new sound worked for the group and the popularity grew. During the 1950s, ...

Business law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business law assignment - Essay Example Additionally, the tax rates and reliefs are more favourable. Nevertheless, there are numerous administrative requirements in order to commence trading and companies are subject to strict financial reporting requirements, which can be cumbersome. Another option would be to set up a partnership, which can open up other business opportunities. The Partnership Act 1890 (the Act) regulates partnerships at common law. Unlike sole traders, partners share the business and control, decision making and profit and losses. All partners are jointly and severally liable for debts and â€Å"owe duty of good faith to each other5†. Section 28 of the Act further imposes a statutory duty to account and Law v Law6 determined that the impact of section 29 of the Act was to prohibit secret profits. The Act governs liability of partners and their legal obligations and provides that each partner is equally liable for the business regardless of their share of the ownership. Additionally, depending on the number of partners, partners can terminate and dissolve the partnership at any point resulting in automatic dissolution7. Therefore the main disadvantage of this trading medium is exposure to potential liability for acts of other partners under section 10. The other alternative would be to set up a limited liability partnership (LLP) under The Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000 (LLPA). The LLP has certain similarities to limited companies and section 1(2) of the LLPA states that an LLP is a separate corporate entity with legal personality separate to its members. Accordingly, the distinct advantage compared to a general partnership is that an LLP can hold land and other assets in its own name, enter intro contracts with its own name and goes further in protecting partners from wrongful acts of other partners8. Moreover, in contrast to a limited liability company, as an LLP does not have any share

Client brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Client brief - Essay Example Byron Kakulas. The organization works for the children suffering from such ailments through fundraising activities, gaining of sponsorships and through donations. Total amount of fund raised during 2011 was estimated to rise by $200 Million in comparison to the 2010 period. The major contributors to the organization’s charitable fund comprised of 28 industries pertaining to resources and 49 industries pertaining to property and lease holdings. 1 Internal and External Environment Analysis of the Organization Internal Environment TOWS Matrix for the Concern The TOWS Matrix for Muscular Dystrophy Western Australia can be framed as follows reflecting the threats, weaknesses, opportunities and strengths of the concern. ... oreover another threat faced by the firm is possessing small number of offices that in turn make it hard for the company to manage the different volunteers allocated to different regions. 2 Weaknesses-Threats Lack of proper office infrastructure limits the ability of the firm to enhance its research objectives. Again owing to the lack of effective volunteers operating in large numbers the organization fails to deliver the best possible service to the ailing community. Weaknesses- Opportunities Though opportunities exist in terms of financing and community support from the firm’s external climate the company suffers from its incapability in forming strategic alliances with other health based organizations. Inability of the company to open proper offices in ailment prone zones makes it difficult for the company to render effective services in spite of finances and communal support.3 Strength- Opportunities The organization tends to render a larger growth opportunity for the peop le in the form of volunteers to grow with the company which presently operates based on a permanent team member of five people. Moreover the opportunities available from the external environment in the form of financial and communal support help the firm to grow and develop its human resources through training and developmental functions. External Environment Public The Muscular Dystrophy Western Australia organization focuses on gaining a large amount of public support owing to its community sharing and support programs aimed at enhancing the relationships with the parents of the ailing children. Through such community network the organization tends to forward potential advice and support. Moreover the organization supports the people suffering from career problems through holding of workshops

Evaluation of Professional Development Plan (Reflective paper) Essay

Evaluation of Professional Development Plan (Reflective paper) - Essay Example Established what made the communication process with patients difficult. 6th day I made a self-assessment to evaluate if I knew the different methods of communication and if I applied these to my patient. Established that I knew only few skills and methods in communication 7th day Established the different gaps of communication in my communication patterns Established the gaps I had in patient communication 8th day Reviewed information from books and journals on how other methods of communication can apply to health care scenarios Established how new skills in communication apply to efficient communication in health care 9th day Write down these methods and how each method can be carried out Wrote down how I can enhance my skills in communication 10th day Apply such methods in communicating with the patient Used new communication skills in communicating with patients 11th day Made a self-evaluation on the gaps seen in the communication with the patient while applying such new methods of communication: Established rapport with patients: use their names, make casual conversations, initiate introductions Established my weaknesses while applying new communication skills 12th day Made adjustments and changes in the application of such new methods of communication based on feedback from the patient and other health professionals Implemented changes in communicating with patients based on patient feedback. Reflection In applying the action plan above, I was able to discover that there are different communication skills which are needed to ensure efficient communication. First and foremost, I discovered that in effectively communicating with the patient, a two-way flow of ideas is a very effective means of communicating (McConnell, 1993). In this regard, I cannot be the one who keeps talking or the patient cannot also be the one who is talking. I found that in applying a two-way process of communication, I was able to gain much information from the patient (McConnell, 1993). I also found out that as a nurse, it is best for me to be the one to initiate introduction with the patient. I started off conversations by introducing myself to the patients with a handshake and a smile. This immediately made the patients relax and feel at ease (Young, 2009). Starting off the conversation with small talk also helped ease the communication process (Fernandez, 2010). After shaking hands with the patients, I made a casual remark about the weather. Most of the time, they easily responded to that; they also made negative or positive remarks about the weather. One time, I walked into a patient’s room while the patient was watching a basketball game on TV and we then started talking about the game and our favorite teams.

Peripheral Neuropathy among Patients Living with Diabetes

Peripheral Neuropathy among Patients Living with Diabetes Update on Foot Care: Identifying Early signs of Peripheral Neuropathy among  Patients Living with Diabetes Mellitus Bernice S. Samuel DNP  and  Susan J. Appel, PhD, APRN-BC, CCRN, FAHA Introduction Among those individuals living with diabetes, peripheral neuropathy (PNP) is a major contributor in the development of foot ulcers.1 Even though there has been a decline in recent limb amputations due to advanced management of foot ulcers, 7% of those affected with type 2 diabetes (T2D) will still develop foot ulcers.2 Diabetes-related foot ulcers not only cause further physical disability, they also reduce the quality of life and increase the risks of lower extremity amputations. 3 The CDC 4 reports that 65,700 non-traumatic lower-limb amputations were performed among people living with diabetes. While diabetes is a major cause of complications such as vasculopathies and PNP, foot ulcers are the most easily prevented complications. 5 Therefore, practitioners must be fully apprised of tools and methods used to identify early PNP and prevent foot ulcers. Practitioners should also focus on actively educating the patient and family regarding PNP. Most practitioners are familiar with the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament testing (SWMT) as the gold standard used in primary care to assess for PNP. Mayfield and Sugarman reported the use of the SWMT as a useful tool in the primary care office for practitioners to assess patients for PNP, but indicated it is not without limitations. 6 Further interventions are needed when there is a loss of sensation detected, such as proper footwear and patient education, to prevent trauma and foot ulcers. 6 Research has shown that practitioners can continue to assess patients with diabetes using the monofilament testing as long as PNP is not present. Once PNP is noted, additional assessment and management techniques are warranted. A yearly thorough foot exam by a podiatrist has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association for those living with diabetes. 7 In addition, persons with diabetes and one or more risk factors need frequent assessments of their feet during routine office visits. 5 Patients with known risk factors for foot ulcers (e.g., poor vision, previous foot ulcers or amputation, monofilament insensitivity, and fungal infections of skin or nails) deserve special attention. 8 When practitioners have available clinical information that can help to predict the development of diabetes- related foot ulcers, patients will have better outcomes. 8 These predictors were found to be helpful in accurately targeting clients at high risks of contracting foot ulcers for preventative interventions. The use of proper footwear such as diabetes specialized shoes with proper diabetes foot insoles has been found to be a protective intervention. Pathophysiology of Foot Ulcers Diabetes related foot lesions occur as a result of two or more risk factors: PNP and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). 9 Diabetes-related PNP is a leading contributor to foot lesions. 10 The presence of PAD increases the risk for foot infections and ulcers among people living with diabetes. 11 Foot lesions are less likely to heal due to vascular insufficiency. 12 Research shows that there are three factors that leads to foot ulcers and infections: foot deformities, PNP, and minor trauma. 13 It is important to understand that the longer an individual lives with elevated blood glucose, the more likely he or she will develop PNP. 2 Long term hyperglycemia can affect the skin and delay wound healing if minor cuts or sores occur on the foot. 14 PNP According to Benbow, 14 PNP can be classified as sensory, autonomic or motor. In sensory system PNP, an individual with diabetes has no feeling of sensation on his or her feet, does not feel hot or cold temperature, and does not feel cuts or trauma to his or her feet. 14 When PNP affects the autonomic system an individual will experience a decrease in sweat, resulting in cracked or fissured skin, dilated dorsal veins and an increase in temperature of their feet. 14 When the motor system is affected by PNP, the patient will be at risk for developing foot deformities such as Charcot foot. 14 Commonly, these patients report symptoms of aches and pains with tingling in their feet when PNP is present. 13 Foot Deformities According to Abad Safdar, 13 foot deformities are the second causative factor that leads to foot ulcers among people living with diabetes. People affected by neuropathy have decreased sensation in their feet, and are more prone to foot deformities. 13 These foot deformities affect the muscles and bones of the foot leading to bony protrusions that put the individual at increased risk for ulceration especially when PNP is present. 13 The correlation of PNP and foot deformities was examined by Soyupek, Ceceli, Suslu, Yorgancioglu, 15 utilizing x-rays. Their study showed that the patients with PNP commonly also have foot deformities such as pes planus, pes cavus, tendon calcifications and osteoporosis. 15 Patients living with type 1 diabetes are particularly at risk for developing Charcot neuropathy that causes destruction of the bones of the foot. 16The resultant bone thinning causes the bones to be fragile and leads to foot deformities. 16 Foot Trauma Abad Safar 13 identify foot trauma as the third factor that can lead to foot ulcers. Foot ulceration occurs when there is breaking of the skin, which leads to impaired healing of the lesion. 12 People affected by PNP have sensory loss of their feet and are unable to identify foot pain, trauma, calluses or injury to their feet. 13 Wearing ill-fitting shoes, calluses, onychomycosis, and foot infections that are not treated are all causes of foot trauma leading to ulceration. Once ulceration occurs due to trauma, the wound becomes infected. Testing Tuning Fork and Neurothesiometer A study by Kà ¤stenbauer, Sauseng, Brath, Abrahamian, Irsigler 17 investigated the effectiveness of the Rydel-Seiffer tuning fork in helping with the detection of diabetes-related neuropathy and compared its ability with that of the electronic neurothesiometer. In this study a 128-Hz tuning fork and a neurothesiometer were used at the bedside. 17 The results of the study showed that vibration perception threshold (VPT) was normal in 1917 individuals and abnormal in about 105 individuals when the tuning fork was used. 17 The participants who had abnormal results were older and also had elevated A1c results. The researchers used the neurothesiometer and the results showed that VPT was 2.5 times higher among patients who had an abnormal tuning fork test. 17 The researchers concluded that the tuning fork had a higher sensitivity and a better predictive value in diagnosing PNP at the bedside. 17 The tuning fork is a reliable instrument in helping to detect PNP in the outpatient setting. It is an appropriate clinical tool that practitioners can utilize either at the bedside or in primary care. Neurometer A double-blinded study by Nather and et al. 18 showed that there were other testing methods that were superior in comparison to the SWMT in detecting PNP. One useful tool was neurometer testing. The neurometer measures readings from rapid current perception threshold (R-CPT) which is derived from the lowest strength of stimulus that the patient could perceive. 18 Three different rates of current signals at levels measuring between 0 and 10 mA were applied by the neurometer to the big toe and ankle. 18 Neurometer testing was found to be highly sensitive as compared to the SWMT. Sensory neuropathy was detected with better accuracy when using the neurometer testing at the big toe and ankle sites in comparison to the SWMT. 18 Studies show that the neurometer is an effective tool that practitioners can use to detect PNP. Temperature guided avoidance therapy Research shows that the best intervention in the prevention of foot ulcers was foot temperature guided avoidance therapy (TGAT). 19 A study by Lavery et al. 20 sought to evaluate the effectiveness of infrared temperature monitoring among individuals at a high risk for diabetes related ulceration and amputations. Patients were placed in a usual therapy group or an enhanced therapy group. 20 The enhanced therapy group had additional tasks such as such as the use of a handheld infrared skin thermometer to measure the temperatures on the bottom of their feet twice a day. 20Participants contacted a nurse if they noted a difference in temperature >4 °F between the left and right foot. 20 The results of the study showed that the enhanced therapy group had notably fewer diabetes related foot complications. 20 The TGAT is an effective method in the detection of PNP where practitioners can assist patients in identifying sensory loss so that foot ulcers and complications can be prevented. Scales for Neuropathy Symptoms The Diabetes Neuropathy Symptom (DNS) score is a valuable tool that can be used to screen for and identify PNP. 21 The scoring is based upon symptoms such as ataxic walking, neuropathic pain, paraesthesia, and/or numbness. The DNS criteria are scored with 1 point each and there is a total of 4 points that can be given. 21 Presence of PNP is present with a score of 1, or more. 21 Similarly, the Diabetic Neuropathy Examination (DNE) is another valuable scoring system that helps to identify PNP. This scoring system consists of a total of eight items: two of the items describe the person’s muscle strength; one item addresses reflexes of the tendon and the other five items address sensation. 21 There is a total of 16 points that can be scored with this system. Any score above 3 points is considered to be abnormal and is PNP. 21 Treatment Educating patients Educational interventions are an important tool in reducing foot ulcers. A randomized controlled trial by Gershater and et al. 22 was designed to investigate the effectiveness of patients learning in groups versus learning on their own with information that is provided to them. The authors sought to understand what types of learning would decrease the incidence of foot ulcers. The study results showed that about 42% of the patients got foot ulcers. 22 Some of the reasons for ulcer development were: stress- related plantar ulcer and trauma. 22 The study showed that education in group sessions among patients who are at increased risk for foot ulcers did not have an effect on whether they would develop ulcers of the foot. 22 It was concluded that sessions conducted within a group educational method may be suitable for patients who have a low risk of getting foot ulcers. The authors of the study suggests that it is important to educate practitioners involved in the patient’s medic al care and also their caregivers regarding improved foot care such as footwear and signs of foot problems. Implications for Practice The conclusive results show the best methods to identify PNP and to prevent foot ulcers was the TGAT, the neurothesiometer and the tuning fork. The TGAT method shows that patients can complete this task at home and alert their practitioner about the results. The TGAT is valuable in showing the results of further neuropathy or damage if patients have a prior history of insensitivity to the SWMT. The SWMT is valuable for practitioners to use in the office setting as this is an inexpensive test. The SWMT is not valid once neuropathy is diagnosed. The practitioner should consider the use of the TGAT at this point and teach the patient how to use an infrared sensitive skin thermometer. The patient should be advised to keep a log book and if the temperature on the designated site is >4 °F, he or she will need to reduce the number of steps taken in the following days and contact their practitioner. The tuning fork was also validated as being highly sensitive in diagnosing PNP and is a goo d test for practitioners to use at the bedside. Certain clinical information about the patient is valuable in predicting future foot ulcers. These predictors were high A1c levels, poor vision, prior history of foot ulcer and/or amputation, monofilament insensitivity, tinea pedis and onychomycosis. The practitioner needs to be aware of these predictors and educate the patient about foot care. Practitioners need to increase monitoring of the patient’s foot at every office visit when these predictors are identified. Education is an important criterion in managing PNP. Patients need to be educated about PNP, foot ulcers, proper fitting shoes and the signs of foot infections. This review of the evidence- based literature revealed that basic SWMT is useful in predicting neuropathy but is not useful in preventing ulcers once neuropathy is diagnosed. There is a common misconception among practitioners that SWMT can be used even when neuropathy is diagnosed. The re-education of practitioners is important with the introduction of new testing methods such as TGAT once neuropathy is already diagnosed. This best practice will help to prevent ulcers among persons affected by diabetes and therefore improve the quality of their life. References Meaney, B. (2012). Diabetic foot care: Prevention is better than cure. Journal Of Renal Care, 3890-98. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6686.2012.00276.x Eddy, J., Price, T. (2009). Diabetic foot care: Tips and tools to streamline your approach. Journal Of Family Practice, 58(12), 646-653 Dorresteijn, J., Kriegsman, D., Valk, D. (2011). Complex interventions for preventing diabetic foot ulceration. The Cochrane Library. Retrieved from http://www.thecochranelibrary.com Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Diabetes data and trend. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figraceethsex.htm Broersma, A. (2004). Preventing amputations in patients with Diabetes and Chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 31(1), 53-64. Mayfield, J. A., Sugarman, J. R. (2000). The use of the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament and other threshold tests for preventing foot ulceration and amputation in persons with diabetes. Journal Of Family Practice, 49(11), S17-S29. American Diabetes Association. (2013). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes care. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/36/Supplement_1/S11.full Boyko, E.J., Ahroni , J.H., Cohen, V., Nelson, K.M., Heagerty, P.J. (2006). Prediction of diabetic foot ulcer occurrence using commonly available clinical information: The Seattle Diabetic Foot Study. Diabetes Care, 29(6):1202-7. Retrieved from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/6/1202.full.pdf+html Bakker, K., Apelqvist, J., . Schaper, N. C. (2012). Practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot 2011. Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews, 28, 225-231. doi:10.1002/dmrr.2253 Bakker, K., Apelqvist, J., . Schaper, N. C. (2012). Practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot 2011. Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews, 28, 225-231. doi:10.1002/dmrr.2253 Jarrett, L. (2013). Prevention and management of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. Nursing Standard, 28(7), 55-65. Nagoba, B., Gandhi, R., Wadher, B., Rao, A., Hartalkar, A., Selkar, S. (2010). A simple and effective approach for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers with different Wagner grades. International Wound Journal, 7(3), 153-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742- 481X.2010.00666.x Abad, C., . Safdar, N. (2012). From Ulcer to Infection: An Update on Clinical Practice and Adjunctive Treatments of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Curr Infect Dis Re, 14:540–550. DOI 10.1007/s11908-012-0283-3 Benbow, M. (2012). Diabetic foot ulcers. Journal Of Community Nursing, 26(5), 16 Soyupek, F., Ceceli, E., Suslu, F., Yorgancioglu, R. (2007). Neurologic and radiologic abnormalities of the foot in diabetic patients. Journal Of Back Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 20(2/3), 55-60 Holt, P. (2013). Assessment and management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Nursing Standard, 27(27), 49-55 Kà ¤stenbauer, T., Sauseng, S., Brath, H., Abrahamian, H., Irsigler, K. (2004). The value of the Rydel-Seiffer tuning fork as a predictor of diabetic polyneuropathy compared with a neurothesiometer. Diabetic Medicine, 21(6), 563-567. Nather, A., Keng, W., Aziz, Z., Ong, C., McFeng, B., Lin. C. (2011). Assessment of sensory neuropathy in patients with diabetic foot problems. Diabetic Foot Ankle.2(10). Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22396819 19. Arad, Y., Fonseca, V., Peters, A., Vinik, A.( 2011). Beyond the monofilament for the insensate diabetic foot: a systematic review of randomized trials to prevent the occurrence of plantar foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 34(4):1041-6. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1666. Lavery, L., Higgins, K., Lanctot, D., Constantinides, G., Zamorano, R., Armstrong, D., Kyriacos, A., Agrawal, M. (2004). Home Monitoring of Foot Skin Temperatures to Prevent Ulceration. Diabetes Care, 27 (11):2642-2647. Meijer, J.W., Bosma, E., Lefrandt, J., Links, T., Smit, A., Stewart, R., Van Der Hoeven, J. (2003). Clinical Diagnosis of Diabetic Polyneuropathy With the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom and Diabetic Neuropathy Examination Scores Diabetes Care, 26(3), 697-701. Retrieved from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/ Gershater, M., Pilhammar, E., Apelqvist, J., Alm-Roijer, C,. (2011). Patient education for the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. European Diabetes Nursing, 8(3), 102-107b. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/edn.189

Literary Devices Used In Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers

Literary Devices used in Macbeth Imagine how dull a Shakespearean play would be without the ingenious literary devices and techniques that contribute so much to the fulfillment of its reader or viewer. Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is a tragedy that combines fact and legend to tell the story of an eleventh century king. Shakespeare uses numerous types of literary techniques to make this tragic play more appealing. Three literary devices that Shakespeare uses to make Macbeth more interesting and effective are irony, symbolism, and imagery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One technique that Shakespeare uses is irony. Verbal irony is when a character says one thing but means the opposite. When a reader understands the irony of what a character is saying, then he can truly understand the nature and intentions of the character. An example of verbal irony is when Macbeth says to Banquo, "Tonight we hold a solemn supper, sir,/ And I’ll request your presence" (Macbeth 3.1.13-14). The reader soon discovers that Banquo never makes it to the banquet because he is brutally murdered by order of Macbeth. Shakespeare also uses situation irony. This occurs when the results of an action or event are different than what is expected. An example of situation irony occurs when Macduff talks to Malcolm and discusses the tragedies that are taking place in Scotland. Without knowing that his own family has been slain Macduff says, " Each new morn/ New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows/ Strike heaven on the fac...

Mystery of capitalism

In the book ‘the mystery of capitalism: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else† Hernando De Soto, the Peruvian economist presents a detailed study of several countries and their failure to benefit from capitalism. It is important to mention here that while most economists understand that land is as important a factor of production as liquid capital still many have failed to understand the significance of property and property rights when it comes to the success of a particular economic system. The core purpose of writing this book is to answer the question that the author has posed in the very first chapter: â€Å"But if people in countries making the transition to capitalism are not pitiful beggars, are not helplessly trapped in obsolete ways, and are not the uncritical prisoners of dysfunctional cultures, what is it that prevents capitalism from delivering to them the same wealth it has delivered to the West? Why does capitalism thrive only in the West, as if enclosed in a bell jar?† While we are aware of the fact that land itself is important, we rarely ever delve deeper into this subject to find out how property and its legal rights can play a vital role in the success or failure of an economic system. This is where Hernando De Soto stepped in and has offered a detailed study of property and its legal title in various poor countries with reference to capitalism in those areas. The main purpose of this book is to illustrate the reasons why capitalism has failed in poor countries and why only the developed countries in the West have been able to benefit from this system but the book carefully ignores the reasons which other economists have mentioned often and only focuses on property and its role in the economic system. The author maintains that failure of this system in poor countries is a cause of concern not only for the developing countries but also for the West. â€Å"In the business community of the West, there is a growing concern that the failure of most of the rest of the world to implement capitalism will eventually drive the rich economies into recession. As millions of investors have painfully learned from the evaporation of their emerging market funds, globalization is a two-way street: If the Third World and former communist nations cannot escape the influence of the West, neither can the West disentangle itself from them. Adverse reactions to capitalism have also been growing stronger within rich countries themselves.† It is clear from his book that the most important reason why capitalism has failed to influence the poor countries is because of the difficulties involved in getting legal title to property that poor sections of the society hold. The western countries fail to understand that capitalism is not exactly about growth of Internet or globalization, it is essentially concerned with movement of capital. It is important to mention here that DE SOTO believes that property is not important only because it provides security and a place to dwell in, but its significance lies in he fact that it is an asset, the problem with poor countries is that while a large section of the society possesses this asset, many of them do not have legal rights to those pieces of land. As a result of which they cannot use this land for any other purpose except accommodation. â€Å"Most of the poor already possess the assets they need to make a success of capitalism. But they hold these resources in defective forms. †¦ They lack the process to represent their property and create capital. They have houses, but not titles. It is the representation of assets in legal property documents that gives them the power to create surplus value.† We need to understand that property is a fixed asset and it can be used for several other purposes including collateral. But since the poor sections of the society do not have legal title to the piece of land they hold, they cannot use it as a source of capital, which is the reason why only western countries have, been able to benefit from capitalist system of economy. He is of the view that every person in small developing countries possess immense talent to mint money and engage in business activities successfully but the problem is that since they are not capable of becoming legal owners of the property that they otherwise own unofficially, their access to finances is also limited. The author has also carefully studied the views and theories of various economists from Adam Smith to Karl Marx in order to make the readers understand why capital plays an essential role in capitalist system of economy and why property is the backbone of this system. The author has also focused on the failure of communism and then builds a strong case in connection with failure of capitalism in developing countries. â€Å"Marx said that you needed to go beyond physics to touch â€Å"the hen that lays the golden eggs†; Adam Smith felt you had to create â€Å"a sort of waggon-way through the air† to reach that same hen. But no one has told us where the hen hides.† There is a new concept of ‘dead capital’ presented in this book. Hernando De Soto is of the view that the assets which cannot be used in place of capital becomes dead capital as it has no other value than the one purpose for which it was originally owned. He presents the example of some poor cities including Cairo, Lima, Manila, Mexico City and Porto Prince and shows how these cities are suffering from abundant dead capital. For example in Cairo, the city possesses dead capital worth $ 241.4 billion, which is six times more than the total value of all saving deposits in Egyptian banks. The country itself is thus suffering from its dead assets because they cannot be used as capital and therefore the economic system has failed to reap benefits of capitalism. This brings us to another important question. Why don’t people who unofficially own a piece of land try to gain legal rights to their property? It is a very important question because the answer to it also highlights the dismal performance of various economic and administrative units of developing countries. There are so many difficulties involved in legalizing a piece of property and usually the process takes so long that most poor people simply do not bother to get legal rights. For example in Egypt it takes some 31 agencies and 5-14 years to legally own a piece of land and close to 77 steps are involved in this process. De Soto has taken a serious look at the situation that has consistently suppressed Third World countries. He argues that people in these countries are constantly being oppressed because they lack knowledge about legal rights to property and their governments fail to offer adequate help. Karl Marx first discussed the function of property or its role in the development of nations in detail and De Soto recognizes his contribution. He argues that when property is legally recognized, it is only then that poor people can use it in the way that would be productive and lucrative. Without legal rights to a piece of property, its occupation comes to no production use. De Soto maintains that property rights do not only facilitate legal and productive use of land, they also offer host of other benefits such as creating a sense of responsibility, more commitment from citizens, more politically aware people etc. The most important lesson of the book is the topic of extra-legality. This refers to the sector of illegal property that has created extra-judicial ways to gain and use property. It was removed from West in the 19th century but still plagues third world countries. De Soto writes: â€Å"†¦ The reason capitalism has triumphed in the West and sputtered in the rest of the world is because most of the assets in Western nations have been integrated into one formal representational system.† (p. 52) explaining the way West got rid of extra-legality, De Soto further adds that, â€Å"This integration did not happen casually. Over decades in the nineteenth century, politicians, legislators, and judges pulled together the scattered facts and rules that govern property throughout cities, villages, buildings, and farms and integrated them into one system. This â€Å"pulling together† of property representations, a revolutionary moment in the history of developed nations, deposited all the information and rules governing the accumulated wealth of their citizens into one knowledge base. Before that moment, information about assets was far less accessible. †¦For knowledge to be functional, advanced nations have to integrate into one comprehensive system all their loose and isolated data about property. Developing and former communist nations have not done this†¦.It was this â€Å"revolutionary† development in the 19th century that sparked the Industrial Revolution the economic progress that is the hallmark of Western society.† (p. 52) De Soto informs his readers that in the West during the 19th century, the private property laws were introduced to tackle the problem of extra-legality. This led to a capitalist revolution in these parts of the world and led to enormous economic growth. We need to understand that De Soto has found a close connection between integration of systems and codified laws. He argues: It may surprise the Western reader that most of the world's nations have yet to integrate extralegal property agreements into one formal legal system. For Westerners, there supposedly is only one law — the official one. Yet the West's reliance on integrated property systems is a phenomenon of at most the last two hundred years. In most Western countries, integrated property systems appeared only about one hundred years ago; Japan's integration happened little more than fifty years ago. As we shall see in detail later, diverse informal property arrangements were once the norm in every nation. Legal pluralism was the standard in continental Europe until Roman law was rediscovered in the fourteenth century and governments assembled all currents of law into one coordinated system. (p. 53) But is it correct to say that in the absence of centrally controlled legal system, we cannot have an integrated property system? Well I guess that is wrong to assume because the two can exist independently of each other. This is because these two deal with completely different things. One deals with access of information and the other is concerned with protection of property. From where I am looking at the situation, I feel that these two could exist without each other. But the way De Soto connects them makes sense too. He believes that without protection of property, we cannot have accurate information about ownership of property and vice versa. De Soto is of the view that common law is a problem in the third world countries because it was the same kind of law that caused property problems in the West too. He claims that common law could not â€Å"provide guidance for how courts should handle cases involving people who had bought or inherited land of dubious title,† and that, â€Å"more importantly, the English common law of property was often ill suited to deal with the problems that confronted the colonists.† (p. 111) But this may not be entirely true. Customary law or common law has its own benefits. Its strength lies in its ability to raise solutions as problems arise. But De Soto sees it differently. The book definitely has its share of merits. Its one of the best books written so far on the subject of third world oppression because of property. I don’t think anyone really understood the significance of having legal property before the publication of this book. The author has chosen a different route for seeking a solution to the third world development problems. This solution may or may not work depending on its implementation but it sure offers a new way to study the problem. REFERENCE: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else (New York: Basic Books and London: Bantam Press/Random House, 2000)      

3 Variations of Misplaced Modifiers

3 Variations of Misplaced Modifiers 3 Variations of Misplaced Modifiers 3 Variations of Misplaced Modifiers By Mark Nichol When information is added to the main clause of a sentence to provide more detail, whether it is inserted directly or parenthetically, careful placement enhances comprehension. In each of the following sentences, modifying phrases are clumsily included. Discussion after each example explains the problem, and a revision demonstrates a solution. 1. Smith played Bozo the Clown from 1959 to 1970, a clown character particularly popular in the U.S. in the 1960s because of widespread franchising in television. This sentence’s subordinate clause, which describes Bozo the Clown, follows not that epithet but rather a range of years, but the proper syntactical location for such a modifying phrase is immediately after its referent: â€Å"From 1959 to 1970, Smith played Bozo the Clown, a clown character particularly popular in the U.S. in the 1960s because of widespread franchising in television.† 2. Jones admitted he was nervous after his botched skating routine. Here, the suggestion is that only after Smith finished the skating routine did he become nervous, but the intent of the sentence is to express that Smith’s state of nervousness before the routine contributed to his poor performance. The admission, not the nervousness, is what followed the routine, and the word order should clearly represent this fact: â€Å"Smith admitted after his botched skating routine that he had been nervous.† 3. Researchers found that face-to-face interactions contributed to a sense of well-being rather than contacts via computer. Here, the syntax represents a sense of well-being and contacts via computer as possible outcomes of face-to-face interactions, but it is face-to-face interactions and contacts via computer that contribute to a sense of well-being. To clarify the relationships between the three phrases, the two forms of communication must be mentioned consecutively in counterpoint, with the outcome clearly distinguished at the end of the sentence: â€Å"Researchers found that face-to-face interactions, rather than contacts via computer, contributed to a sense of well-being.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?36 Poetry Terms50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Why Compromise was Necessary for US Government essays

Why Compromise was Necessary for US Government essays In the process of creating a new Federal government, inevitable conflicts made compromise absolutely necessary. At the Constitutional Convention in 1787, there were a number of differences between the delegates and the interests they represented. These delegates came from different backgrounds, and held different political views. One issue that was hotly debated was the argument of how many representatives each state should be allowed. The issue of including a Bill of Rights was also addressed. As a result, compromise was desperately needed. One major issue the delegates encountered was giving fair representation to both large and small states.. The large states favored Madisons Virginia Plan. According to the Virginia Plan, there would be a bicameral (2 houses) legislature with membership based on each states population. The voters would elect members of the lower house who would then elect members of the upper house. Both houses would vote for the countrys president and judges. This was clearly not fair to the smaller states, who would have less representation in this system. The Virginia Plan would give the largest states the majority of power. Instead, small states favored Patersons New Jersey Plan. The New Jersey Plan proposed a single-house congress in which each state had an equal vote. There were seven small states, meaning if they all voted together they would have the majority power. Once again, this system was not fair to the larger states. This conflict between the small and large states was so heated tha t it almost threatened to break up the Constitutional Convention. There was only one solution compromise. The compromise reached has come to be known as The Great Compromise. A delegate from Connecticut, Roger Sherman, proposed a two-house legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. Accordingly, Sherman had combined both the Virginia Pla...

TermPaper2types of promotional strategies Term Paper

TermPaper2types of promotional strategies - Term Paper Example There are four types of promotional strategies, which are: online promotion, traditional media, push marketing and pull marketing. Online Promotion is also called online marketing or Emarketing. It represents advertising the products through the internet. Online promotion gained great popularity as almost every company tries to create its own website to attract customers online. Now almost all the people use internet to buy different products as online they can have more opportunities. The main disadvantage of online promotion is changes which happen rapidly. In order to have successful online promotion, every company needs to have efficient online promotion strategy. The most important characteristic feature for modern managers is insight. It is essential to have good education and be aware of the situation (Kotler). Online promotion is the field that changes rapidly, thus it is very important to be always on time with the advertising and have the appropriate approach. (Orton, 2009). The most popular and beneficial form of online promotion is pay-per-click advertising, when the advertiser pays for the promotion only after the ad is clicked. This kind of advertising is very demanding as it does not accept all the businesses. Some companies can’t advertise their products with the most popular advertising engines as they have many restrictions and special rules for companies. Those companies, which use pay-per-click approach, have many benefits. They have a perfect opportunity to attract customers without paying much for the advertising. Thus, online promotion represents the cheapest way to advertise products and services Any advertising campaign uses many traditional media channels such as television, radio, newspapers, etc. An advertising campaign can be defined as a number of different kinds of advertising, which have the common purpose and content. Ad campaign is the essential part of management strategy. Management strategy implies

Charcter Analysis of the short Story The Enormous Radio Essay

Charcter Analysis of the short Story The Enormous Radio - Essay Example Moreover, the new radio turned out to be too sensitive to electronic devices at first, and when it was repaired, it started to transmit the conversations of other people in the apartment. Irene picked up the habit of listening to these conversations, and got very upset by the evening. Jim repairs it again and gets the radio back to working condition. Irene appears to be a contented housewife, enjoying her day to day chores and the free time in which she listens to the radio. But the peaceful atmosphere gives way to subtle nuances of conflict, as she keeps listening to the conversations of other people. She appears shocked by the evening when Jim arrives. She asks him to go up to 16-C where Mr. Osborn is beating his wife. When Jim tries to chide her, she tells him how terrible the lives of the people in their apartment had. Almost all of them were quarrelling over money matters and leading hypocritical lives. She tries to get the reassurance from Jim that their life had not been like that. She asks him: â€Å"†¦ we have always been good and decent and loving to one another, haven’t we†¦.Our lives aren’t sordid, are they, darling? Are they?† This reveals the inner conflicts Irene had regarding her family life. She is not totally unaware of the scars that remain after hypocritical phases of life, but she tries to overcome that with the good aspects of her life. It is the revelation that all the families around her are going through some sort of self-deception and misery which upsets her. She tries to contrast the relative peace and order in her family and hope against hope that her family life would not end up being a show off. On the day the radio is repaired at last, a bizarre argument is picked up by Jim, which Irene tries to neglect. But in his fury, he accuses Irene of lying to him about paying the clothing bills. He makes his resentment regarding the extra expenses

Emotions Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotions - Personal Statement Example The incidence is when I was attending a school annual function. I really wanted to have a nice view of the entire programme. I was in the audience, sitting in the first row with a relaxed temperament. I am a down- to - earth person I enjoy dances and songs but never wanted to be a part of the show. Things were going smooth and I was totally involved in the function. I was applauding my friends, cheering them for their actions, encouraging them for their performance. It was really a fun and frolic time for me and I became the part of the function. The emotional turmoil came when I was asked by the master of the festival to be present on the stage. I got the shock of my life. I was in a real fix, freeze as ice and was spell bound. Could not understand anything but heard my heart beats and could feel the blood gushing into my body with a much faster pace. I could not make a single move. It was like the whole world is spinning around me and everybody is giving me a fleeting look! I gathered all my lost courage and started a move to the stage with an emotional pressure that was pushing and at the same time pulling me. A battle was going on inside me, what to do What should I say How it happened Why me only Cursing myself why I was making so much fuss, praying to God Uttering.. "Please help me God.

The Meaning of Home (Tim Obrien, Joyce Carol Oates, Doris Lessing) Essay Example for Free

The Meaning of Home (Tim Obrien, Joyce Carol Oates, Doris Lessing) Essay By showing what home means for their characters, authors can render certain themes of the novel, demonstrate several different meanings of the word home, or, underscore significant aspects of the personality of the figure in question. In Doris Lessings novel The Fifth Child, the characters Harriet and Davids home represents their dream about the perfect family and the perfect life and by illustrating this to the reader Lessing reveals how they are committing hubris . Also, in the novel The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien, the character Norman Bowker returns home in order to gain understanding of his own feelings, and therefore home is more seen as a place for support and acceptation. Furthermore, in Joyce Carol Oates short story Stray Children, Charles Benedicts study and the nature of it reflects the characters personal qualities. Firstly, home can be seen as a dream of the future. In The Fifth Child, Harriet and David dream about the perfect family and life. They buy a house that is too big for them, wishing to fill it with smiling and happy children. On the other hand, they are experiencing economical hardships and are forced to borrow money from Davids father in order to cope with the situation they have put themselves in. Still, even though they have to have access to extra money in order to endure, they continue the get more and more children. It is mentioned how they believe that David would a higher salary some time soon and everything will work out. They, in a way, buy the house for what they wish it will represent in the future. Lessing conveys this by showing how Harriet and David take the money they receive for granted and promise their families that it will pay off in the long run. This concept of taking something for granted because they think that they are worth it can be seen as an act of hubris. Thus, by showing what home signify for Harriet and David Lessing underlines the theme of hubris. Secondly, home can also represent the characters essential needs. In The Things They Carried, Norman Bowker returns home from the warfront and the thing he requires the most from society and his family is understanding. He desperately needs to talk, but there is no one there who wants to listen to him. It revealed how he circles the lake in his home town and honks his horn to a few boys while he passed them, but how neither of them even looked up. This can be seen as a metaphor for how Bowker was trying to tell society about his experiences and emotions and how society did not even care to hear him out. The scene ends with him continuing to drive around the lake more than ten times and imagining how a conversation between his father and him about his wartime experiences would turn out. By not getting what he needed and therefore resorting to taking his own life, Bowker embodies the damage war can do to a soldier long after the war is over. OBrien shows how the idea of home represents our deepest and fundamental needs and that when those are not fulfilled we suffer. Thirdly, the characters idea of the perfect home can also reflect upon certain traits of this person. In Stray Children, Charles Benedict lives a successful, immaculate and steady life. These aspects of his life also characterise his study. It is rendered how Benedict always liked his study because it was always the same and unharmed. By mentioning the fact why he likes his room, Oates can highlight some important aspects of his personality. In sum, by showing what home means, authors can convey what the character dreams of and want, needs and can not live without, and, draw attention to certain personal qualities off the character. Rendering what home means can be significant in many different ways. In the first example, Lessing conveys the theme of hubris by showing Harriet and Davids dream and then contrasting it to their reality; they take the money they receive for granted since they think that they are worth it and therefore should have the money. Also, in the second case, OBrien renders how home may not always literally mean home as in the place where you live, but it can also stand for our basic needs. Moreover, in the third instance, Oates uses the meaning of home in order to stress certain features of the character in question. However, the meaning of home is not restricted to being just one thing. OBrien can also show how Bowker is a character who needs constant support and is too weak to handle the hardships himself by rendering how Bowker desperately needed comfort when he returned home. As in the case with Charles Benedict and his study, home can also be used to show how he thinks, how he wants the city to look like in his role as a city planner. Oates can therefore also deliver social criticism through illustrating the meaning of home; how Benedict wants everything to look perfect and therefore he plans the city without taking the living conditions of certain people into consideration. In addition, the first example with Harriet and David and their view of home can also help the reader characterise them as determined people with set goals in the future and perhaps somewhat inconsiderate of their future troubles that they may face by ignoring the problems they are already experiencing. Hence, home does not only mean one thing but the reader can often draw several significant pieces of information out from it.

Surgical Treatment For Morbid Obesity Essay -- Overweight Obese Resear

According to the World Health Organization, globally there are now more than 1 billion overweight adults, and at least 300 million of them are obese. During the last 40 years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions. There are more obese people each year, and the severity is increasing. In the United States alone, 300,000 deaths are associated with obesity. Thesis: Many obese people fail diet after diet. For them, bariatric surgery is an option even though risks are involved (Flancbaum, et al. 7; Goodman par 3; â€Å"The Weight† par 2). Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity is climbing the charts as being a major killer of our population. This paper informs the reader on how bariatric surgery treats the severely obese. Focus is given on who should have bariatric surgery, how the surgery works, risks of bariatric surgery, and what the patient can expect. Bariatric surgery is reserved for people who have been unable to lose weight on professionally managed weight-loss programs and those with obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, or the risk of them. When surgery is an option for weight loss   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best candidates for bariatric surgery are patients who have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, or 35 or greater and associated obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea (see figure 1.1, pg 8 & table 1, pg 6). In terms of pounds, qualifying for surgery estimates to being 100 pounds above ideal body weight. A patient must have also gone through some sort of organized weight loss program in the past, and failed to maintain weight loss (Flancbaum, et al.15). How surgery promotes weight loss Gastrointestinal surgery for obesity, also called bariatric surgery, alters the digestive process. The operations promote weight loss by closing off parts of the stomach to make it smaller. These procedures are referred to as restrictive procedures because they cut down on the amount of food the stomach can hold. These types of procedures are less common due to the complications involved (Flancbaum, et al. 27, 52). The most popular operations combine stomach restriction with a partial bypass of the small intestine. These procedures create a direct connection from the stomach to the lower segment of the small intestine, literally bypassing portions of the digestive tract that absorb calories and nutrients. These are known as malabsorp... ... relation to BMI* BMI  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity Category  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Risks Without Medical Problems  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Risks With Medical Problems Below 19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Underweight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimal 19-24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  None  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimal 25-29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overweight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moderate 30-34  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moderate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High 35-39  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Severely Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very High 40-49  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Morbidly Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very High  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extreme 50+  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Super Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extreme  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very Extreme * Classification based upon World Health Organization; see The Doctor’s Guide to Weight loss Surgery. Table 2: Weight Loss Surgery on Obesity-Related Conditions Condition  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Improved  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Completely Resolved Type II diabetes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  93 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  89 percent Hypertension  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  90 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  66 percent Abnormal blood lipids  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  85 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  70 percent Sleep apnea  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  72 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  40 percent See The Doctor’s Guide to Weight Loss Surgery. Table 3: Complications after Weight Loss Surgery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RYGB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VBG Protein-calorie malnutrition  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Micronutrient & vitamin deficiency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10-20 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Flancbaum L, Belsley S, Drake V, Colarusso T, Tayler E J Gastrointest Surg. 2006 Jul-Aug; 10(7):1033-7.

Switzerlands Financial Outlook :: essays research papers

Switzerland’s Financial Outlook   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Located in between Italy, France, and Austria, Switzerland is home to a population of 7,450,867 (World Factbook, 2004). In 1848 Switzerland became a federal state that now has 26 cantons and half cantons. Switzerland is a melting pot, consisting of various cultures imported from the several surrounding countries. Languages spoken include French, German, Italian, and Romansch (World Factbook, 2004). For the amount of diversity among its people, it is quite impressive that Switzerland has been the leading European country with the lowest unemployment rate for years (World Factbook, 2004). The Roman Catholic and Protestant faiths are the two prominent religions among the Swiss. Switzerland is a member of several economic and finance organizations: European Free Trade Association, World Trade Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2001). Despite Switzerland’s many financial alliances, it is a country that has long practiced an axiom of neutrality. Switzerland refuses to join any alliance that will obligate her to take military action in the event of war, (which rules out NATO membership) unless the country itself is being threatened. Some would argue that the policy of neutrality that has helped Switzerland to continually show signs of a ongoing prosperity. Nevertheless, Switzerland has long struggled to remain a non-participant during the wars that ravaged Europe in the twentieth century. Its citizens seem perpetually divided amongst themselves about the value of remaining a neutral count ry. Whatever the case may be, over recent years the country has demonstrated they have the potential for a strong and prosperous future. Major Industry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Switzerland’s economy is divided into three sectors: agriculture, industry and services. Fifty percent of the population is employed in services, with banking being the dominant service in the country and arguably, in all of Europe. Switzerland’s financial sector employs 220,000 people and contributed to 10.9% of gross domestic product in 2000 (Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, 2002). Forty percent of the population is employed in the machine, metal, and textile industry, which account for a large number of their exports. The other ten percent of the population works in agriculture. Due to the under whelming number of people left working in agriculture, it is strongly supported by the government. In recent years, advancements in medical technology have led to creation of many small pharmaceutical companies throughout Switzerland.

Steven Spielberg

I’m Steven Spielberg and I was born in Cincinnati on December 18, 1947, but I was mainly raised in New Jersey and Arizona. When I was 12 years old I used my dads 8mm camcorder and made a movie. I continued to make films with the camcorder for five more years until I went on a trip to Universal Studios. I was 17 years old and I broke away from the main tourist group to see the sound stages. I bumped into the head of Universal’s editorial department, Chuck Silvers. We talked for about an hour and he wanted to see some of my 8mm films. When I showed them to him he said they were good but he could only wish me luck. So the next day I put on a suit and borrowed my fathers suitcase and walked in the front gate of Universal Studio’s like I did it every day. One reason I got away with this is because the guard thought I was the owners son. I bought some plastic name tags at a camera store and I found an empty office. Then I put my name in the building directory. Everyday that summer I hung out with directors, writers, and editors. After talking to all of these movie makers I found out that nobody really liked my movies. The next fall I asked some of the executives at Universal how I can get my films noticed. They said I hould put my films on 16 or 35mm film. So I did. I made a 20 minute movie about a boy and a girl hitch-hiking from the dessert to the Pacific. The day after it was shown at Universal, Sidney Sheinberg, the head of Universal’s T. V. production department, gave me a seven year contract to work on T. V. series. The first few years of the contract were fun, but after a while I didn’t want to direct T. V. shows. In 1971 I got a chance to make my first real movie. It was Called Duel and it was about a salesman who was harassed by a truck driver. Even though the movie didn’t make much money and wasn’t popular, it was my first ovie and I had a lot of fun. During the next 10 years I directed 4 of the top 10 movies ever made, including Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and E. T. which is number one. E. T. – The Extra Terrestrial made $720 million dollars worldwide in the theaters and over a billion dollars total with video sales. Some other movies I directed were, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Jurassic Park, Always, and The Sugarland Express. Even though my most famous movies I made I directed, I also produced quite a few movies, including Poltergeist, Gremlins 1 and 2, all 3 Back to the Futures, and The Goonies. After my success at the movie theaters, I wanted to do a program on television. I chose Amazing Stories which allowed me to put my childhood stories on T. V. The show didn’t get very good reviews and people didn’t watch it. So the series was canceled after 24 episodes, 20 short from what was planned. I’ve been very successful in my career. The films I’ve made in the past have been entertaining to both children and adults. I now plan to start making more adult films. I hope to continue to amuse and entertain my audiences for many years to come.