Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Emotions Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Emotions - Personal Statement Example The incidence is when I was attending a school annual function. I really wanted to have a nice view of the entire programme. I was in the audience, sitting in the first row with a relaxed temperament. I am a down- to - earth person I enjoy dances and songs but never wanted to be a part of the show. Things were going smooth and I was totally involved in the function. I was applauding my friends, cheering them for their actions, encouraging them for their performance. It was really a fun and frolic time for me and I became the part of the function. The emotional turmoil came when I was asked by the master of the festival to be present on the stage. I got the shock of my life. I was in a real fix, freeze as ice and was spell bound. Could not understand anything but heard my heart beats and could feel the blood gushing into my body with a much faster pace. I could not make a single move. It was like the whole world is spinning around me and everybody is giving me a fleeting look! I gathered all my lost courage and started a move to the stage with an emotional pressure that was pushing and at the same time pulling me. A battle was going on inside me, what to do What should I say How it happened Why me only Cursing myself why I was making so much fuss, praying to God Uttering.. "Please help me God.
Monday, October 28, 2019
The Meaning of Home (Tim Obrien, Joyce Carol Oates, Doris Lessing) Essay Example for Free
The Meaning of Home (Tim Obrien, Joyce Carol Oates, Doris Lessing) Essay By showing what home means for their characters, authors can render certain themes of the novel, demonstrate several different meanings of the word home, or, underscore significant aspects of the personality of the figure in question. In Doris Lessings novel The Fifth Child, the characters Harriet and Davids home represents their dream about the perfect family and the perfect life and by illustrating this to the reader Lessing reveals how they are committing hubris . Also, in the novel The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien, the character Norman Bowker returns home in order to gain understanding of his own feelings, and therefore home is more seen as a place for support and acceptation. Furthermore, in Joyce Carol Oates short story Stray Children, Charles Benedicts study and the nature of it reflects the characters personal qualities. Firstly, home can be seen as a dream of the future. In The Fifth Child, Harriet and David dream about the perfect family and life. They buy a house that is too big for them, wishing to fill it with smiling and happy children. On the other hand, they are experiencing economical hardships and are forced to borrow money from Davids father in order to cope with the situation they have put themselves in. Still, even though they have to have access to extra money in order to endure, they continue the get more and more children. It is mentioned how they believe that David would a higher salary some time soon and everything will work out. They, in a way, buy the house for what they wish it will represent in the future. Lessing conveys this by showing how Harriet and David take the money they receive for granted and promise their families that it will pay off in the long run. This concept of taking something for granted because they think that they are worth it can be seen as an act of hubris. Thus, by showing what home signify for Harriet and David Lessing underlines the theme of hubris. Secondly, home can also represent the characters essential needs. In The Things They Carried, Norman Bowker returns home from the warfront and the thing he requires the most from society and his family is understanding. He desperately needs to talk, but there is no one there who wants to listen to him. It revealed how he circles the lake in his home town and honks his horn to a few boys while he passed them, but how neither of them even looked up. This can be seen as a metaphor for how Bowker was trying to tell society about his experiences and emotions and how society did not even care to hear him out. The scene ends with him continuing to drive around the lake more than ten times and imagining how a conversation between his father and him about his wartime experiences would turn out. By not getting what he needed and therefore resorting to taking his own life, Bowker embodies the damage war can do to a soldier long after the war is over. OBrien shows how the idea of home represents our deepest and fundamental needs and that when those are not fulfilled we suffer. Thirdly, the characters idea of the perfect home can also reflect upon certain traits of this person. In Stray Children, Charles Benedict lives a successful, immaculate and steady life. These aspects of his life also characterise his study. It is rendered how Benedict always liked his study because it was always the same and unharmed. By mentioning the fact why he likes his room, Oates can highlight some important aspects of his personality. In sum, by showing what home means, authors can convey what the character dreams of and want, needs and can not live without, and, draw attention to certain personal qualities off the character. Rendering what home means can be significant in many different ways. In the first example, Lessing conveys the theme of hubris by showing Harriet and Davids dream and then contrasting it to their reality; they take the money they receive for granted since they think that they are worth it and therefore should have the money. Also, in the second case, OBrien renders how home may not always literally mean home as in the place where you live, but it can also stand for our basic needs. Moreover, in the third instance, Oates uses the meaning of home in order to stress certain features of the character in question. However, the meaning of home is not restricted to being just one thing. OBrien can also show how Bowker is a character who needs constant support and is too weak to handle the hardships himself by rendering how Bowker desperately needed comfort when he returned home. As in the case with Charles Benedict and his study, home can also be used to show how he thinks, how he wants the city to look like in his role as a city planner. Oates can therefore also deliver social criticism through illustrating the meaning of home; how Benedict wants everything to look perfect and therefore he plans the city without taking the living conditions of certain people into consideration. In addition, the first example with Harriet and David and their view of home can also help the reader characterise them as determined people with set goals in the future and perhaps somewhat inconsiderate of their future troubles that they may face by ignoring the problems they are already experiencing. Hence, home does not only mean one thing but the reader can often draw several significant pieces of information out from it.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Surgical Treatment For Morbid Obesity Essay -- Overweight Obese Resear
According to the World Health Organization, globally there are now more than 1 billion overweight adults, and at least 300 million of them are obese. During the last 40 years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions. There are more obese people each year, and the severity is increasing. In the United States alone, 300,000 deaths are associated with obesity. Thesis: Many obese people fail diet after diet. For them, bariatric surgery is an option even though risks are involved (Flancbaum, et al. 7; Goodman par 3; â€Å"The Weight†par 2). Overview      Obesity is climbing the charts as being a major killer of our population. This paper informs the reader on how bariatric surgery treats the severely obese. Focus is given on who should have bariatric surgery, how the surgery works, risks of bariatric surgery, and what the patient can expect. Bariatric surgery is reserved for people who have been unable to lose weight on professionally managed weight-loss programs and those with obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, or the risk of them. When surgery is an option for weight loss      The best candidates for bariatric surgery are patients who have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, or 35 or greater and associated obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea (see figure 1.1, pg 8 & table 1, pg 6). In terms of pounds, qualifying for surgery estimates to being 100 pounds above ideal body weight. A patient must have also gone through some sort of organized weight loss program in the past, and failed to maintain weight loss (Flancbaum, et al.15). How surgery promotes weight loss Gastrointestinal surgery for obesity, also called bariatric surgery, alters the digestive process. The operations promote weight loss by closing off parts of the stomach to make it smaller. These procedures are referred to as restrictive procedures because they cut down on the amount of food the stomach can hold. These types of procedures are less common due to the complications involved (Flancbaum, et al. 27, 52). The most popular operations combine stomach restriction with a partial bypass of the small intestine. These procedures create a direct connection from the stomach to the lower segment of the small intestine, literally bypassing portions of the digestive tract that absorb calories and nutrients. These are known as malabsorp... ... relation to BMI* BMI     Obesity Category     Health Risks Without Medical Problems     Health Risks With Medical Problems Below 19     Underweight     Slight     Minimal 19-24     Normal     None     Minimal 25-29     Overweight     Minimal     Moderate 30-34     Obese     Moderate     High 35-39     Severely Obese     High     Very High 40-49     Morbidly Obese     Very High     Extreme 50+     Super Obese     Extreme     Very Extreme * Classification based upon World Health Organization; see The Doctor’s Guide to Weight loss Surgery. Table 2: Weight Loss Surgery on Obesity-Related Conditions Condition     Improved     Completely Resolved Type II diabetes     93 percent     89 percent Hypertension     90 percent     66 percent Abnormal blood lipids     85 percent     70 percent Sleep apnea     72 percent     40 percent See The Doctor’s Guide to Weight Loss Surgery. Table 3: Complications after Weight Loss Surgery      RYGB     VBG Protein-calorie malnutrition     0     0 Micronutrient & vitamin deficiency     10-20 percent     Flancbaum L, Belsley S, Drake V, Colarusso T, Tayler E J Gastrointest Surg. 2006 Jul-Aug; 10(7):1033-7.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Switzerlands Financial Outlook :: essays research papers
Switzerland’s Financial Outlook      Located in between Italy, France, and Austria, Switzerland is home to a population of 7,450,867 (World Factbook, 2004). In 1848 Switzerland became a federal state that now has 26 cantons and half cantons. Switzerland is a melting pot, consisting of various cultures imported from the several surrounding countries. Languages spoken include French, German, Italian, and Romansch (World Factbook, 2004). For the amount of diversity among its people, it is quite impressive that Switzerland has been the leading European country with the lowest unemployment rate for years (World Factbook, 2004). The Roman Catholic and Protestant faiths are the two prominent religions among the Swiss. Switzerland is a member of several economic and finance organizations: European Free Trade Association, World Trade Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2001). Despite Switzerland’s many financial alliances, it is a country that has long practiced an axiom of neutrality. Switzerland refuses to join any alliance that will obligate her to take military action in the event of war, (which rules out NATO membership) unless the country itself is being threatened. Some would argue that the policy of neutrality that has helped Switzerland to continually show signs of a ongoing prosperity. Nevertheless, Switzerland has long struggled to remain a non-participant during the wars that ravaged Europe in the twentieth century. Its citizens seem perpetually divided amongst themselves about the value of remaining a neutral count ry. Whatever the case may be, over recent years the country has demonstrated they have the potential for a strong and prosperous future. Major Industry      Switzerland’s economy is divided into three sectors: agriculture, industry and services. Fifty percent of the population is employed in services, with banking being the dominant service in the country and arguably, in all of Europe. Switzerland’s financial sector employs 220,000 people and contributed to 10.9% of gross domestic product in 2000 (Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, 2002). Forty percent of the population is employed in the machine, metal, and textile industry, which account for a large number of their exports. The other ten percent of the population works in agriculture. Due to the under whelming number of people left working in agriculture, it is strongly supported by the government. In recent years, advancements in medical technology have led to creation of many small pharmaceutical companies throughout Switzerland.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Steven Spielberg
I’m Steven Spielberg and I was born in Cincinnati on December 18, 1947, but I was mainly raised in New Jersey and Arizona. When I was 12 years old I used my dads 8mm camcorder and made a movie. I continued to make films with the camcorder for five more years until I went on a trip to Universal Studios. I was 17 years old and I broke away from the main tourist group to see the sound stages. I bumped into the head of Universal’s editorial department, Chuck Silvers. We talked for about an hour and he wanted to see some of my 8mm films. When I showed them to him he said they were good but he could only wish me luck. So the next day I put on a suit and borrowed my fathers suitcase and walked in the front gate of Universal Studio’s like I did it every day. One reason I got away with this is because the guard thought I was the owners son. I bought some plastic name tags at a camera store and I found an empty office. Then I put my name in the building directory. Everyday that summer I hung out with directors, writers, and editors. After talking to all of these movie makers I found out that nobody really liked my movies. The next fall I asked some of the executives at Universal how I can get my films noticed. They said I hould put my films on 16 or 35mm film. So I did. I made a 20 minute movie about a boy and a girl hitch-hiking from the dessert to the Pacific. The day after it was shown at Universal, Sidney Sheinberg, the head of Universal’s T. V. production department, gave me a seven year contract to work on T. V. series. The first few years of the contract were fun, but after a while I didn’t want to direct T. V. shows. In 1971 I got a chance to make my first real movie. It was Called Duel and it was about a salesman who was harassed by a truck driver. Even though the movie didn’t make much money and wasn’t popular, it was my first ovie and I had a lot of fun. During the next 10 years I directed 4 of the top 10 movies ever made, including Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and E. T. which is number one. E. T. – The Extra Terrestrial made $720 million dollars worldwide in the theaters and over a billion dollars total with video sales. Some other movies I directed were, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Jurassic Park, Always, and The Sugarland Express. Even though my most famous movies I made I directed, I also produced quite a few movies, including Poltergeist, Gremlins 1 and 2, all 3 Back to the Futures, and The Goonies. After my success at the movie theaters, I wanted to do a program on television. I chose Amazing Stories which allowed me to put my childhood stories on T. V. The show didn’t get very good reviews and people didn’t watch it. So the series was canceled after 24 episodes, 20 short from what was planned. I’ve been very successful in my career. The films I’ve made in the past have been entertaining to both children and adults. I now plan to start making more adult films. I hope to continue to amuse and entertain my audiences for many years to come.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Perceptions of the Elderly toward the New Generation
Perceptions of the Elderly toward the New Generation Introduction The past couple of decades have seen the world’s population adopt various aspects of changes in terms of the food people eat, the entertainment activities they engage in, the modes of communication they use, their interests and other lifestyle changes. The main architects and pursuers of these transformative endeavors are the youths and the young adults.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Perceptions of the Elderly toward the New Generation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ways in which people conduct their businesses have also changed. The new Japanese business trend is a good case study that can attest to these changes. However, during this rush to embrace new modes of lifestyles, there seems to be a whole generation that has been left behind, which is the elderly. This group of people played a very crucial role in the past, by offering wise counsel to other members of the society. They were heavily consulted when making important decisions, especially those that significantly affect the society. However, this is not the case today as the present young generation have not only ignored the elderly but also considered their counsel irrelevant (Borovoy, 2008, p 568). The Thesis Statement The aim of this research proposal is to study the relationship between the present younger generation and the elderly in the Japan’s family setup and establish their correlation. Methodology Each member will be issued with a questionnaire that he or she will give to the oldest member of the family to fill. In case where the oldest member of the family is unable to understand the contents of the questionnaire, then another literate member of the family will read it loudly and interpret it to him or her. Discussion In collaboration with twenty nine other students from my class, we shall undertake to conduct a study that is aimed at ascertaining the roles played by the elderly in Japa nese households. The study will require each member of the team to perform interview tests to the eldest members of their families based on a couple of predetermined subjects. This study will generally be concerned with the perception of the younger generation towards the elderly generation. In order to effectively establish this, we will seek to find out the roles the elderly can play in their households so as to influence the perceptions of the younger generations towards them.Advertising Looking for proposal on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is common knowledge that the global economy has recently faced some hard times, normally characterized by recessions and depressions. In essence, there have been a lot of worries across many generations, on the best economic practices that can be applied to evade these scenarios. It is also important to note that the elderly in most households are people w ho are either headed for retirement or who have recently retired. They are therefore in great positions to offer sound counsel to their families on issues such as the global economic recession. On the other hand, there are new and bright market leaders who are not only young but also capable of understanding the global market trends. We shall seek to find out the views of these two groups of people on this issue. In this regard, we shall be on a mission to establish if the elderly people could offer wise and up to date counsel that can accurately help address the prevailing situations. According to the available demographic statistics, the population of the world has increased tremendously over the past three decades. This has led to the introduction and adoption of new concepts of family planning. The prevailing family trends indicate that the now elderly population had relatively large numbers of children, and some of them were even in polygamous marriages. But with the prevailing economic constraints, the few jobs that are hard to come by and the huge responsibilities that are involved in bringing up children, these patterns have significantly changed over time. In this respect, this study will focus on finding out the perception of these two generations toward family planning. Data Analysis The data that will be acquired from this research study will be sorted out and categorized as either quantitative or qualitative. Analyzing the quantitative data will involve the interpretation of the raw and tangible components of the information that has been obtained from the study (Grbich, 2007, p. 120). This data will include the number of the elderly people who can authoritatively offer sound counsel to their families on global economic conditions and the number of the currently educated young people who can care to listen to their elders as they talk about this issue.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Perceptions of the Elderly toward t he New Generation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The number of elderly people who support family planning, a viable option for addressing the unsustainable population growth, will also be enumerated against that of the younger generation. The analysis of the qualitative data on the other hand will involve interpretation of the intangible components of the information obtained from the study. Conclusion The views held by the aged and the young generations on some topics, can be greatly influenced by age, exposure and level of education (Postigoa, 2010, p. 341). As much as this concept is true, some elderly individuals can be reluctant to embrace ideas that come from the younger generation for fear of abdicating their roles. Younger people, especially the educated ones, always assume that the counsel offered by the elderly, has been overtaken by events and is therefore not of significant importance in solving most of the present day’s problems. References Borovoy, A. (2008). Japan’s hidden youths: mainstreaming the emotionally distressed in Japan. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 32(4), 552-576. Grbich, C. (2007). Qualitative data analysis: An introduction. London: SAGE Publications. Postigoa, J. M. (2010). The co-residence of elderly people with their children and grandchildren. Educational Gerontology, 36(4), 330-349.
Monday, October 21, 2019
Legislative Vs. Executive Branch essays
Legislative Vs. Executive Branch essays Executive Branch vs. Legislative Branch In principle, the U.S. is a democratic republic, they govern themselves by choosing their leaders by secret ballot, and these leaders in turn make the rules. Americans started "governing themselves" as a nation on July 4th, 1776, when the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia by representatives of the thirteen British colonies in North America. That loose union of the states was replaced by the Constitution of the U.S. in 1789. This document (amended 26 times) is still the political foundation of the U.S. Being based on a written constitution, the U.S. government is committed in principle to the rule of law. To guarantee the rights of free speech, a free press, freedom of religion etc. There are three levels of government in the U.S. Local government (city/county), state government, and federal government. Here I will pay most attention to the federal government. On September 17, 1787 39 delegates including names such as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison, signed the Constitution of the United States. Creating a new life style for the people of that time. Among the delegates most important issues were how much power to actually allow the central government to have, how many representatives to allow in Congress. How many representatives to allow from each state and how should they be elected? Should they be elected directly by the people or by the state legislators. But how were they planning to make this system work? How would this Democracy be different from the Monarchy back in England? I will be uncovering these questions, from seperation of power, to the checks and balances system. From creating a law to passing and enforcing that law, along with the power to veto. Most importantly how do the Legislative and the Executive Branches differ in these matters. And how they work together as a checks and balances system. They started with s...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Medical History essays
Medical History essays Throughout any period of time, many changes occur, especially within the medical field. In a half of a century, the preoccupations and concerns of the American physician underwent a complete transformation. Two sources are the basis for this comparison, the first written by Benjamin Rush entitled Observations of the Duties of a Physician and the other was the first Code of Ethics by the American Medical Association. As a preliminary difference between the two sources, an examination of the authors should not be overlooked. The earlier source was written by a single man, while the second was a collaborative effort by an association. Thus, the knowledge of medicine was infectiously spread throughout the ever growing population in America. Over this spread of fifty years, other key differences can be observed. One that will be discussed is the American Medical Association stressed a superior level of professionalism. Another difference within the articles was the societal class of ph ysicians. The last noticed observation was about the role the patients played. In the article written by Benjamin Rush, he suggests certain behavioral acts to help the physician blend with the rest of society. An example and one of the most crucial recommendations was to live in the country, on a farm. By following this suggestion, the physician would show no superiority to the common people. Not only would superiority be defeated, but agriculture would benefit. Medicine is primarily based off of chemistry which works directly with agriculture. Thus the physician would share his discoveries for the advancements in medicine, and promote improvements within the country. Another benefit of living on a farm that Rush described was the occupation for the off, or healthy, season. Since the medical field was not as prospered, physicians could ...
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Classical Criminology Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Classical Criminology Theory - Research Paper Example They include the processes of making, reacting and the breaking of laws to prevent criminal activities. Throughout the background of the criminology theory, there have been different forms of punishments, policies, customs and ideas that have been changed to form the study of the criminology. These classical theories defining the reasons behind the crimes that are committed have been devised by the writers of that time. One of the main founders of the classical school of criminology was Cesare Beccaria, who developed his theories in order to develop the criminal justice system (Hagan, 2011). Beccaria’s theories are developed on the basis of three main ideas: all individuals have a free will to do anything they want and make choices; all individuals look out for their own satisfaction; it is the interests of individuals that make their actions predictable. The first idea of Beccaria is similar to the ideas expressed by other classical theorists – that it is free will that allows a person to do what he or she wants and to make free choices. The second idea expresses the individual’s rational manner, which means that an individual will do anything for his or her personal satisfaction; this means that a person’s desire to get the best can make this person a wrongdoer. In this way, all members of the society will be looking for their satisfaction and thus interests will clash ‎ (Samaha, 2005). ‎ The third idea expresses manipulability – a universal interest of humans is known, and it makes the human actions predictable and controllable. He further believed that the problem with the criminal justice system was to choose the right punishments for the right criminals, and not only the criminal justice system but also the government should play a role in using their rights to have the laws of punishments (Hagan, 2011). Â
Friday, October 18, 2019
Computer crimes,ethics, and privacy Research Paper
Computer crimes,ethics, and privacy - Research Paper Example The advent of computers and internet in our daily life has given rise to computer crimes, illicit activity that is carried out by the help of computers, and these crimes have had a ponderous impact on the moral values of the people, especially adolescents. In this paper we will attempt to highlight some computer crimes and explain how these crimes give rise to ethical issues. Also a detailed discussion will be made on the breach of privacy through computer crimes. The paper talks about computer technology and ethical issues it poses therefore it is perfectly related to the chapter. Computer Crimes Computer crimes are formally defined as crimes that involve a computer and a network (Moore, 4). Crimes that are carried out by the help of a computer or where computer is the target also come under computer crimes. The word cyber crime is also used interchangeably for computer crime. The most common of computer crimes include identity theft, financial theft, spamming, and breach of privacy . There has been seen a surge in cyber crimes mainly due to the increasing reliance on computers and network. Almost everything is run by computers these days and therefore can be targeted by cyber criminals. Malware (short form for malicious software) is the most prevalent form of computer crime where a person controls a computer by planting some malicious code. The attacker can install or plant the code on a system and then can enjoy great access to the computer without authorization of the user (Skoudis & Zeltser, 2). Common types of Malware include Virus, Trojan, and Worm. Malwares are used to gain access to computers, sometimes just for fun. They can delete important files and can also slow down the speed of the system. Identity theft is another computer crime that can make life of a computer user miserable. The effects of this computer crime are more ponderous than Malware as it can financially hurt the individual. Identity theft involves stealing information of extremely pers onal nature in order to use it for some benefit. Mainly hackers try to gain access to bank account passwords, credit card numbers etc to steal money from the users. The crime of identity theft is extremely prevalent and many people lose their money on a daily basis as a result of it. E commerce has given users opportunity to shop online using credit cards and online merchant accounts. This has in turn increased the chances of identity theft. Other computer crimes include cyber stalking, spamming, and child pornography. Cyber stalking refers to the use of internet for stalking purposes by using personal information of a person. Cyber stalkers use internet to repeatedly harass a person and therefore it is listed as a computer crime (Pot, 1). Spamming refers to the bulk messages that are sent to users. These are unwanted messages that fill the inboxes of users. Spamming is a big business for many people and causes problems for users. Child pornography is also propagated through interne t and it is a serious offense. Children are left vulnerable because child pornography has become a business today through internet. Ethical Issues Involving Computer Crimes Computer crimes pose many ethical issues for the society. The main problem of computer crimes is that they are mostly conducted by teenagers or young people in general. This has posed many problems for the society at large. Younger generation is the
Cell biology questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Cell biology questions - Assignment Example Therefore it can be concluded with lots of confidence that absorption of an intensive color during this process is the primary reason as to why molecule mobility is reduced between membranes. This aspect is used in a number of ways one of them being is to characterize mobility of proteins and lipids in the body whenever need may be or examination of cytoskeletal dynamics. Proteins take several steps to cross from endoplasmic reticulum, where they are produced and processed in readiness to transport to plasma membrane. You find that proteins are synthesized by the Golgi processes in the endoplasmic reticulum before they are sent to any cell. Studies have shown that prior to the proteins going through the endoplasmic reticulum they are transformed from their protein form into amino acids by ribosomes. As the amino acids enter the Golgi for further processing and refinement, they do so while they are facing the endoplasmic reticulum (cis side) and when they leave, they also do so as they face the plasma membrane (i.e. trans side). This technical move process is of great importance because as the proteins make their progress from the cis side to the trans side, they become modified and are packaged in such a way that makes them appropriate for transportation to any cell located anywhere in the body. Thus the protein must pass through the cisternae stack which varies in number and shape and it is known to be organized differently in different cell types. Protein in question here has several forms. First it can be transmembrane protein. This kind is transported by means of embedding itself in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. On another means, it can be water – soluble proteins which easily get through the membrane o the lumena. For a while now, differential centrifugation has continued to be of great help in separating rough endoplasmic from the smooth endoplasimic recticulum. It is a procedure which microbiologist and
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Iraq Power Company Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Iraq Power Company Business Plan - Assignment Example We will provide electricity to all the localities including industries, hospitals, parks, houses etc. Our distribution would be as follows Our mission is to provide customers highest quality electrical services; our focus is on personalized services by offering convenient and rapid services. We have strong vendor relationship with most service conscious vendors, capable of shipping major parts rapidly (overnight too) minimizing the system downtime for the premiere electric customers. Iraq is an oil producing country situated in the Middle East, with the population of 28,945,657 (July 2009.est).the population growth rate is 2.507%. Its economy is mainly dominated by the oil sector, which provides 90% of foreign exchange earnings. Total government revenues have benefited from high oil prices in recent years; however, revenues have declined significantly since the oil price drop in fall 2008. Iraq is making some progress in building the institutions needed to implement economic policy. In March 2009 Iraq concluded a Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) with the IMF that details economic reforms. Its GDP per capita is $4000. Its composition by sector is Nowadays the electric shortage in Iraq has become a problem and there are frequent blackouts. Due to the war there is much loss done and many of the power generation cables have been cut down posing a problem for the people. It needs new industries to be set up in various areas to solve the problem. At present electricity is provided only 8 hours a day at free of charge. The energy needs of Kurdish region have been ignored; it is working independently to electrical energy output through foreign assistance and private investment projects. The minister expects that by 2009 the region will produce enough energy to keep the lights on 24 hours a day. Vision Statement In 5 years it will become the major company generating electrical power to the country and establish its name in the whole of Middle East Mission Statement Earn people trust, be honest and lighten up Iraq. Engineering plan We will deal with generation, transmission and distribution of electric power as well as electrical devices connected to the system including generator, motors and transformers. Different forms of energies are converted to electrical energy. The transmission subsystem transmits the electricity to the load centers. The distribution subsystem continues to transmit the power
Ibn Jubayr and Islam in the West Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Ibn Jubayr and Islam in the West - Assignment Example Menocal (2002) notes that he therefore wanted to show the importance of Islam in his bid to woo more people into it and salvage the situation (p. 54-61). Across his travels, Jubayr points at the practices which were being practiced yet they were not acceptable in the Muslim teachings. For example, while talking about the Palemo Muslims, he notes that they have teachers in their Madrasas yet the same practiced as merchants. He condemned the act. It is important to note that Jubayr condemns most Christian practices and personalities. According to Bush-Joseph (2012), for instance he describes King Baldwin IV and his mother as pig and sow respectively due to their actions in maintaining Jerusalem and Acre under Christian control (p. 43). However, he shows religious tolerance when describing King William whom he says is admirable for his just conduct (p. 44). This shows that his condemnation of some Christian aspects is not biased as he is fast to note when there is anything to be commended about the same group. Looking at his work, he has critically addressed the significant of the Muslim religion in the west during his travels and interaction with the
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Iraq Power Company Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Iraq Power Company Business Plan - Assignment Example We will provide electricity to all the localities including industries, hospitals, parks, houses etc. Our distribution would be as follows Our mission is to provide customers highest quality electrical services; our focus is on personalized services by offering convenient and rapid services. We have strong vendor relationship with most service conscious vendors, capable of shipping major parts rapidly (overnight too) minimizing the system downtime for the premiere electric customers. Iraq is an oil producing country situated in the Middle East, with the population of 28,945,657 (July 2009.est).the population growth rate is 2.507%. Its economy is mainly dominated by the oil sector, which provides 90% of foreign exchange earnings. Total government revenues have benefited from high oil prices in recent years; however, revenues have declined significantly since the oil price drop in fall 2008. Iraq is making some progress in building the institutions needed to implement economic policy. In March 2009 Iraq concluded a Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) with the IMF that details economic reforms. Its GDP per capita is $4000. Its composition by sector is Nowadays the electric shortage in Iraq has become a problem and there are frequent blackouts. Due to the war there is much loss done and many of the power generation cables have been cut down posing a problem for the people. It needs new industries to be set up in various areas to solve the problem. At present electricity is provided only 8 hours a day at free of charge. The energy needs of Kurdish region have been ignored; it is working independently to electrical energy output through foreign assistance and private investment projects. The minister expects that by 2009 the region will produce enough energy to keep the lights on 24 hours a day. Vision Statement In 5 years it will become the major company generating electrical power to the country and establish its name in the whole of Middle East Mission Statement Earn people trust, be honest and lighten up Iraq. Engineering plan We will deal with generation, transmission and distribution of electric power as well as electrical devices connected to the system including generator, motors and transformers. Different forms of energies are converted to electrical energy. The transmission subsystem transmits the electricity to the load centers. The distribution subsystem continues to transmit the power
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Early Modern European History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Early Modern European History - Essay Example This in turn led to overcrowding in towns and the problems associated with it. The aim of this paper is to discuss the impact of the industrial revolution on different groups in society and how these groups responded to such changes. I will argue that industrial revolution despite its many advantages brought about serious problems to all groups in society; none was spared including infants. These ranged from physical to mental problems. The workers had no option but to work and the manufacturers were bent on ensuring value from their investments: machine and people no matter the working conditions. The industrial revolution affected many areas of society. These can be explained in terms of the working conditions in the factories, changes in living standards, attitudes and values of middle class and the effects it had on lifestyle. One prominent feature of industrial revolution was establishment of factories and also increased mining activities. There is no problem with the country pe ople living their local areas to go work in factories and mines as it was a means of livelihood. Furthermore, it offered more earnings than engaging in agriculture in remote areas. Those who went to town could send money to those back at home. They could also improve on their skills as they specialized in one activity unlike in feudal society where a serf did everything. Improved transport and communication was also essential for the society as now they could communicate and mix with people from all walks of life thus exchange cultures and ideas. Furthermore, women got to be engaged in work instead of being relegated to the domestic duties such as child rearing. If industrial revolution brought all these goodies, why was it so much resented to an extent of establishing commissions to investigate on its workings? Industrial revolution may have changed lives in a positive way but the way it was carried out left a lot to be desired. It led to deterioration of health of the society espe cially the infants even changed the way society is organized. Testimonies regarding working conditions in England and child labor in factories leading to the famous Factory Act of 1833 tell a lot about the sufferings endured by infants and adults alike in the factories and mines and also the reactions of manufacturers regarding workers plight. One of the testimonies was from the commission of medical examiners in North East England highlighting the physical condition of children working in factories. The report revealed some devastating effects on the children such as â€Å"deformity, stunted growth, relaxation of ligaments like knees and ankles and also relaxed muscles†(Sherman 142). The most worrying thing is that children as young as five years were engaged in employment and to make matters worse, they worked for thirteen hours a day. This is a disgrace to humanity that should be rejected at all cost. The 9, 10 and 11 year olds according to the commission worked for 14 an d 15 hours a day. In traditional society, children were supposed to stay at home and be cared for by their parents especially mothers. Even today, child labor is prohibited. Children are supposed to be in school studying but since those days schools were for the chosen few, children remained at home learning various skills from the society. When industrial revolution set in, parents colluded with masters to do disservice
Mary Logan - author review Essay Example for Free
Mary Logan author review Essay Mama takes time to explain the prejudices that underlie racist attitudes saying you have to accept the fact that in the world outside this house, things are not always as we would have them to be. Mama explains prejudice used and also explains in a gentle but effective way to Cassie that everybody born on this earth is somebody and nobody, no matter what colour, is better than anybody else. Mama also gives Cassie a lesson about the past, illuminating the familys past and their struggles. She is a caring mother who brings her children up right in the hope that they do not be influenced by the prejudice from whites but to accept everyone equally. In some ways this could be Mary Logans own little contribution to the improvement of the world in the future. Although she is strict with her children, disciplining them when they are disobedient she listens when they have troubles. Usually Mamas beatings consisted of a whipping from her belt but the punishment for Staceys fight and the visit to the Wallace store seemed lenient to the children. At first they were scolded but the children didnt consider that a punishment, and we doubted Mama did either. The real punishment Mama placed upon them was a lesson. She took them up to see Sam Berry and the punishment given to him from whites for disobeying. To me this is a good punishment because not always does a beating make you learn from your mistakes. This however remained in the childrens mind and they did not enter the Wallace store again. The children accept her punishments because they love and respect her. She shows her firmness and strength also when we see her splitting the children up when they are giggling, whipping Stacey and standing by her principles when Harland Granger visits the school. Another characteristic of Mary Logans personality is her cautiousness. For much of the time Papa is away working so therefore Mama is responsible and is the provider for the family. We see her cautiousness at times of increased anger when Papa or Uncle Hammer threatens to confront Mr. Simms or the mob. In both cases Mama tries to prevent them from using violence, it is clear that she prefers to settle things out through non-violent means such as the boycott. Mama fears for the lives of David and Hammer when they reach for the shotgun because she knows the power of the white people is stronger than that of the black man. Another incident where Mama is weary of their actions is when, on their way home, Hammer drives through the bridge where it can only handle one car at a time. Blacks often have to back down for whites to cross it first. Hammer meets the Wallaces and drives on. Mama says that theyll have to pay for that later. Again there is a reminder of the fact that Mama prefers not to use violent mean to settle a conflict when, driving past the Wallace store Hammer makes the comment that he would like to burn the place down. Mama quickly replies saying there are other ways. We are aware that Mama was loved as a child as we hear from Papa referring to Mamas father that every penny hed get his hands on hed put it aside for her schooling This again gives us an idea as to where Mamas kindness and deep need to provide come from. Mamas an educated woman as she learned in a teacher training school and has been employed in the local school for fourteen years. We are also made aware of her education, as her spoken English, like the prose of the novel, is perfect and relatively free from colloquial Americanisms unlike the rest of the Logan family members. We hear from Cassies description that Mama is a beautiful woman. With a slender body and smell of sunshine and soap Cassie feels her Mother is pretty. Mary Logan makes the best of what she has. She uses cardboard lining to disguise the worn out shoes, which Cassie felt uncomfortable for Mama. She cares for the family very much so and has dinner ready when any are hungry, she uses half the ingredients so she will have enough for the next time, this shows Mama plans things out and genuinely cares. The points above all describe how Mary Logan is a strict but loving and understanding parent, a Brave, noble citizen and courageous teacher. I admire greatly how she gives up so much to offer a small part of pleasure to the lives of her children. In many ways Mama is unflawed, proving right in many circumstances and standing up for what she believes in. This woman is an inspiration to all blacks, mothers or people who find it hard to be recognized or respected. I feel she has done her best to bring up children who may be different and change the future, to accept people not by their skin colour or religion but by the content of their character. By Claire Reid Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor section.
Monday, October 14, 2019
Descartes And Opposing Other Philosophical Views Philosophy Essay
Descartes And Opposing Other Philosophical Views Philosophy Essay Descartes had his fair share of opposing philosophers, but one of his main critiques was in the person of John Locke. I do not totally agree with his proposition that only the mind can produce certain knowledge and that our senses are always under the attack of the devil that deceives us. And by that note I will use Locke to oppose the main proposition of Descartes concerning doubt or the first meditation. Descartes first meditation focused on doubt and how knowledge is innate in us. In Descartes first meditation; there was this thought that since our senses can be considered as doubtful or deceiving, therefore the knowledge that came to us thorough the senses are doubtful and the knowledge that we now have is from the mind [i] . Descartes pointed out that we are in a dreaming state, that we are but in a state where in the senses that we have deceives us. Locke therefore proposed that we our sense are not deceiving us, we are not in a dream state; because for him knowledge can only be achieved through the senses and not by some innate ideas that is from our mind. This concept of ideas that comes from our minds posts some problems that were identified by Locke; one is that if one possesses this innate knowledge locked up in his mind, he or she therefore must have the consciousness that this knowledge exists, but by the mere fact that a child does not know that his parents are his or her parents proves that knowledge cannot be innate or can be only found in the mind. Locke then suggested that there are two kinds of experiences; one is what he called as external experience. External experience or is what he described as the experience which we can attain knowledge through the use of our five senses; the color, the smell, the motion and etc. of an object can be attributed to this kind of experience [ii] . In other words, sense experience is about the analysis of the physical characteristics of an object that is in front of you. The other kind of experience is what he calls as the internal experience or called as reflection [iii] ; this experience makes us understand or interpret the several characteristics that the external experience have produced; meaning the shape or taste of a an object is interpreted by this second experience. Locke here proposed that there is this cycle from which a certain object or a thought must go before it can be considered as a piece of information, which I truly believe would be the most correct process of understanding a certain object. Unlike what Descartes has been promulgating, Locke has made a logical process of how we could attain knowledge. Descartes has proposed that since our senses deceive us therefore anything that passes through our senses is considered to be doubtful or untrue. Now let us go to Descartes God argument. Descartes started by saying that the knowledge of God is again innate in us [iv] . Again we see the problem here in the statement of Descartes. Experience will teach us the moral principles and the background needed to understand and have the knowledge about God. Then how would God be innate in us if experience would be the basis for us to understand and have a notion about God. Our mind during our infancy and early years is what John Locke considered as a clean slate, a tabula rasa, wherein knowledge is added to it by the use of our sense experience and not by mere innate ideas. Moreover if we had this innate idea of God, then why is it that we all have different interpretations of him? Why is it that some people even come to the extent of not believing him or even not considering him as living? God for Descartes seemed to be the promulgator of all that is true. And for him sense experience is impossible because we can be deceived. So w ho is doing the deceiving? Descartes then pointed out that there was this being that is responsible for deceiving us by the use of our senses. He called this deceiver as the devil the cause of all the falsity that our senses produce. The thought that the senses can be deceived by the devil gives us the notion that all outside objects and might as well our senses can be controlled by the devil. And by saying this Descartes proves that our sense cannot be trusted but rather, our mind is the most trustworthy attribute. God for me is not an innate object or idea. As same as what Locke has said, our ideas of God varies and therefore we cannot say that there is this universal knowledge about God that is innate in all of us. Now that was done we shall now go to his second meditation where in we can find his most famous phrase Cogito ergo sum which translates to I think, therefore I am [v] . Using Lockes empiricist look I shall now ponder on this issue of the cogito. Since John Locke adheres to the idea that the senses are the source of knowledge and nothing else, it could be said that there would no need for a concept of the cogito. By the mere fact that we have a body and we can experience it is enough reason to say that we exist. Sense experience, as said earlier, is the basis for knowledge also it can prove that we exist. We can feel other bodies and other objects therefore it is a proof that we exist and we are not being deceived by any supernatural being. Our sense experience is enough proof that we are alive, we exist beyond reasonable doubt. Doubting the existence of our body is like saying that we do not feel or see or hear anything. We can see, we can feel, we can experience pain and pleas ure by the use of our bodies; therefore doubting it would require us to think that we do not feel anything, we do not feel the pain if our hand is put above fire. For me therefore I completely disagree with his second meditation. Next we go shall go to his interpretation of the body and the mind and how the mind is more known to us than the body [vi] . Locke argued that the body cannot be unhinged from the concept of the mind; for it is the body which sucks in outside stimuli to force the mind to think; the body therefore is our receptors for knowledge and since it is our first level of experience it can be considered as more known to us that the mind. Locke continued by saying that as we are not always in a pondering state therefore we are not that acquainted with our mind. Our body is a big strainer where in all of the outside stimuli can be felt. Our body is the receptacle of all things which we can feel or experience. Therefore our body is becomes our first contact with the outside world and by the fact that we can consider it as a first, then we could say that we know more about our body than our mind. For example we see a chubby woman running towards a fast food restaurant, isnt our first thought would be her size, her being chubby and not what she thinks? We first think about her physical appearance thus we could know first her appearance, but we cannot deduce what she is thinking; what her mind contains as we see her walking to a restaurant. Now we go to her third meditation which is about the existence of God [vii] . For me his justification of the existence of God is not that strong and I do not agree with it. If for example I have an idea of a dragon, then that dragon must be existing in reality; but it does not. So therefore I shall use the doctrines of St. Thomas on this. Gods existence can be proven by his effects, which are all the things that we can see here. The greatest example would be the world. It would be quite impossible for this sphere of land and water just appeared unwilled. Therefore there must be this all powerful being that created the world and its majesty. The effects of God therefore would be a stronger justification rather than saying that if we have an idea of a God or the God therefore we can say that he exists. Now we can go to the next meditation which involves the existence of material objects [viii] . Descartes in this part of his meditations that we can have knowledge, a correct knowledge, of material objects. Though he did say that this knowledge then must not pass through our senses but by again it should directly be processed in our mind. By the use of Locke, I can say that this proposition cannot be trusted or correct. How would external objects be processed through our minds directly without the use of our senses? This proposition seems to be, for me, an impossible thing to be done. Every material object has several physical characteristics that can only be felt by our senses and if we do not use these senses or if we do not experience these objects then it would be impossible for us to understand them or for our mind to interpret them. Lastly we shall now go to his last meditation which is the argument of mind and body [ix] . I agree with this part, that the body and the mind are two completely different entities; for the mind function differently from the body. The mind acts upon the by the use of outside stimuli that is received by our senses of the body. Therefore their duties are different from each other; the mind would be to control the bodily functions and interpret what the outside stimuli is expressing and the body is the one acted upon by the mind, but is the first to receive stimuli from the outside source. From my point of view, several meditations that were done by Descartes were simply not logical. His main contention of the mind being the first to receive experience or knowledge is very problematic. It suggests that the senses cannot be trusted, that all that the senses have perceived and the knowledge that has come from them are doubtful even if it is not. As I have said I do not agree with all of the ideas that were given to us by Descartes and I hoped I explained it properly by the use of the examples and by the use of the doctrine of John Locke.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Is The Criminal Justice System Racially Biased? Essays -- essays resea
Is the Criminal Justice System Racially Biased? Most criminologist use two sources of criminal justice data in the United States: the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS). The URC data is made from law enforcement agencies and include crime incidents reported to or obtained by the police. NCVS data is obtained from a very complex national survey of a sample of homes and provide information about crime incidents and victims for both reported and unreported crimes, excluding homicide. For my report I obtained research information from questionnaires and from several text books. I gave the questionnaire concerning bias in the criminal justice system to four whites, four blacks, one Asia, and one Mexican. Although this sample is not representative of racial attitudes in general, it can used to develop a better sense of differences among students. To discuss my findings fully I must define a few terms. The Criminal Justice System is the network of agencies that respond to crime, including the police, courts, jails, and prisons. Minority Group is a group of people who, because of physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out for differential and different and who regard them as objects of collective discrimination. Discrimination is the act of singling out for unfair treatment. Labeling is stereotyping, or putting a tag on someone, and treating them accordingly. Self-fulling Prophecy is an expectation about how things will be the situations that they predicted or expected. Finally, Differential Association is the idea that interacting with others learns criminal behavior. It is no secret whites and blacks in America experience life differently because of their race. Therefore, whites and blacks view the criminal justice system differently. My research found 70% of those studied agree the courts do not offer equal treatment. Although both agree that the system is biased, whites seem to have a more positive view about the whole system, while Blacks feel the system is corrupt and works' against them. 50% of my non-white sample and 20% of my white sample felt the courts discriminate. James Henslin, author of the text Social Problems, states "[Violent crime] recedes with income ... people with higher incomes live in better, more affluent and less viole... ...that continue to target poor minorities. My results did show that there was differences in the way black and white students in American society view the criminal justice system. Because race can be compared to SES non-whites have a more negative view of how often police discriminate. On the other hand whites are not ignorant to the negative police discrimination non-whites face; nevertheless they feel it happens much less than it actually does, or almost never. Similar, in the courts, more non- whites feel their is discrimination. My answer to this could be that non-whites are being convicted, going to jail and receiving the death penalty, while white are the ones suing, and are not getting convicted for crimes when they are arrested. While we all agree the criminal justice system is corrupt, my studies show, whites and blacks disagree with the extent to which it happens. This is an obvious result because blacks and whites are in two separate moral communities. Blacks have been negatively labeled, and stigmatized as lower class citizens who cause trouble. Inturn they have been the victim of legislation that keeps them in the dismal status they are in.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Bridging The Gap Between Cross Essay example -- essays research papers
Building effective communication skills and relationships within a single culture is often challenging. Bridging the gap between different cultures makes building communication skills and relationships even more difficult. I will discuss some of the challenges of cross-cultural communication and the pieces necessary to build effective working relationships.      Typically, some of the basic assumptions we make when communicating with people from our own culture must be questioned and modified when communicating with people of another culture. First on the list of items for review is verbal communication. Parts of verbal communication, such as, tonality, tense, gender generalities and structure vary greatly from culture to culture. A majority of these differences are based on core values and perceptions in different cultures; therefore, such differences must be acknowledged if effective communication and relationships are to occur.      A principle rule of mutual respect is the basis for success in communication and relationships. Mutual respect should be based on the following criteria: „h always allow for and assume differences, until similarity is proved „h emphasize description, rather than definition or judgment „h practice empathy „h treat your interpretation as a unproved theory until further understanding proves certainty      Often, cultural differences are easily identified and therefore, ea...
Middle East History
The war between Iran and Iraq occurred when Iraq invaded Iran in September 1980 in an attempt to regain border territory it had ceded in 1975. Iraqi forces seized control of some Arab-populated border regions. After Iran drove Iraqi forces put of most of the invaded territory in 1982, the war turned into a stalemate. A cease fire went into effect in 1988. The factors that had let to this war were likely because of the conflict between the two countries regarding the border debate or argument. In Iraq, internal guerilla warfare began in 1961, when Iraq refused to grant self-government to its Kurdish tribesmen in the north. The in 1963, their leader was overthrown was overthrown in a military revolt. The new government followed a socialist, Arab nationalist policy, but was wracked by rivalry between factions supporting and opposing Egypt’s President, Nasser. A peace with the Kurds was concluded in 1966, but skirmishes continued. Iraq was a member of the Arab Alliance that was defeated in the Six Day War against Israel in June, 1967. However, few Iraqi troops were involved in combat. In 1968, the Kurds resumed hostilities against the government. In 1970, Kurdish autonomy was recognized, but many Kurds, supported by aid from Iran, continued the Rebellion. During the 1970’s, large increases in oil prices made it possible for the shah to accelerate the modernization of Iran and to build up the country’s military strength on a massive scale. In 1978 protests over the shah’s rule began to grow. Much of the opposition came from conservative religious leaders, led by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who opposed modernization because it was contrary to traditional Islamic ways. Many opponents, however, some of them socialists and Communists, demanded a more equal distribution of wealth and an end to dictatorial rule. In 1974, the country started giving weapons for war to the Kurds. In 1975 Iran agreed to end its aid to the Kurds in exchange for some disputed territory. The Kurdish rebellion then collapsed. Saddam wanted to occupy Iran’s near to the oil and its feeble military which Saddam though for revolutionary disorder. The aggressor was Saddam Hussein. Because he wanted that the river which they were arguing will be owned by Iraqi- Arab, to bring back the essence through the history and that they had all the rights over the river. The only thing that hinders or stops the two countries from fighting was the Arvand Rud waterway, where in they had an agreement. Saddam wanted to display to the whole nations his conquering of other place but was just using the area of dispute as a front. Reference; Marr, Phebe. The Modern History of Iraq (West view Press, 1985).
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Gladiator: Comparison from the movie to actual history Essay
In the movie, many things portrayed are the same as what really happened in Roman history. Some things though, are a little different in the actual history of Rome than in the movie. Scenes were changed in the movie too, to make the plot more interesting. I connected what I could between the movie and the actual history of Rome. Maximus was the general of Rome and a really good general at that. He lead Rome to many victories. He was so great and loyal that in the movie, Marcus Aurelius actually asked him to succeed him in the throne. When Commodus heard this from his father, he killed him and sentenced Maximus to death. When Maximus escaped, he was picked up by a group of men and sold as a slave to become a gladiator. As a gladiator, he fought many different types of gladiators. Quicker ones had nets with tridents and slower ones had curved swords with shields. There were some gladiators that even had chariots. In the actual history of Rome, there really were different types of gladiators. The gladiators with the net and trident were called the retarius. The gladiator with the curved sword and shield were called the samnite. I’m not too sure if there were gladiators that used chariots as their weapons but it sounds likely since it is thought that the colosseum was filled up and used for boat wars. Using chariots would be easy for them and entertaining for the crowd. There’s a scene in the movie where it’s a one on one battle between Maximus and a champion gladiator. Maximus is barely armed and protected. All he has is a sword and shield I believe. The other man has two swords, a mask for protection, and heavy armor. This shows how each type of gladiator was to fight a different kind of gladiator so the match would be even and fair. In the movie, Commodus is very sneaky and vengeful. He uses murder in his politics also. He killed his father, tried to kill Maximus and even wanted to get rid of the senate in order for him to become a â€Å"true emperor.†He thinks the senate is unneeded and believes himself to be more of a people’s person then the actual senators. In history, there was much murder in the government also. The Gracchis were murdered as well as Caesar. Commodus tries to assassinate and kill Maximus since Maximus is supposed to be the successor to the throne after Marcus Aurelius. In Roman History, the Romans never developed a formal policy of succession. Although many emperors named their successors, the Roman army often refused to accept the new emperors and assassinated them. This is what Commodus tried to do with Maximus in order for himself to become emperor and rule. Gracchus wants the citizens of Rome to be happy in the movie and makes sure the emperor hears the problems and needs of the people when he councils with him. He even suggests possible solutions to the problems. He seems to be a people’s person very much and knows how some of the senators can be crooked. In Roman history, there were actually two Gracchis who were actually both murdered because they were disliked by crooked senators who used violence to get ahead. The real Gracchis wanted to help the citizens out also. They even used public funds to purchase grain to be sold to the poor at low prices so they can afford it. They also improved the political status of the equites (business and land owning people.) Lucillia, sister of Commodus, has a son named Lucius. I did some research to find out that her son was named after his father who died in 169 A.D. His name was Lucius Veras. In the movie, she is portrayed as a widow, but, in real history, she remarries to Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus Quintianus of Antioch. In the movie, she joins the plot for the good of the Roman people but she really participated in this plot because she lusted after power. She also supports her brother in the movie but was actually involved in a plot with her cousin to assassinate Commodus and raise her husband up as emperor. The plan was figured out and she was banished to the island of Capri. In the movie, it shows her as out- living her brother but she is actually executed at the island because he changed his mind. As you can see, many things throughout the movie were the same as to what happened in the history of Rome. A few minor details were changed but nothing too noticeable. The only major difference I could see was in Lucillia and how she was portrayed. Her role had to be changed or else the whole movie would have been different and probably more boring. Definitely when you put the two, movie and history, side-by-side, you see how good of a job they really did sticking to the facts and at the same time, making the movie wicked-awesome with its totally cool action.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
What roles does video games play in developing problem solving skills Research Paper
What roles does video games play in developing problem solving skills in students k-12 grades - Research Paper Example Video gaming has successfully cut across gender barriers and, surprisingly, almost 40% of all gamers, are female. In as much as two-thirds of all US households play video games, nearly 25% of all gamers are under the 18 years age bracket. Over the last ten years, children have exhibited a substantial increase in amount of time spent on video gaming (Rideout, Foehr and Roberts, 2010). From an average of 26 minutes in 1999, a child spent about an hour and thirteen minutes in 2009, on video gaming. Against the backdrop of such overwhelming popularity, this activity which seduces children and adults alike, present a host of benefits. Paradoxically, anti-gaming activists, too, make up a sizeable number and with good reason, as well. Introduction Video gaming as an educational pedagogy and a learning mode opens up a world of possibilities. A judicious marriage of caution and openness, supplemented by appropriate investments by way of time and effort, would prove to be ideal. Drawing pointe rs from issues such as gaming collaboration, single player games and usage of video gaming as an academic pedagogy, this paper attempts to prove that video games do not enrich the problem solving skills of K-12 students. The issue of why kids play video games and what they learn from this addictive activity has been a source of constant debate and dispute, among parents, teachers, VIDEO GAMES DO NOT ENRICH PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS researchers as well as the students. (Olthouse, 2009) proposes video gaming as a new, diverse and a growing phenomenon. While the fun element is what essentially draws kids to video games, it can be viewed against the backdrop of a host of perspectives such as gaming as a play, reinforcement, social interaction, fantasy as well as a cognitive exercise. While younger children sought immediate positive responses through the gaming exercise, mature children in the age group 14 to 18 years, exhibited good emotional value, sought stimulus and took risks in an act ion-packed genre. However, in many a case, video games offered a high dose of motivational power and requited large investment in terms of time and money. These proved to be heavy put offs for children. On a positive note, video games promoted meta cognition, computer and perceptual skills. On the downside, these games proved to be highly addictive, costly and heightened aggression. It also discouraged imagination and wonderment among the players. Another negative outcome was Stereotypical gender representations. Collaboration The advent of multi-player and on line games invited gamers to an interactive, participative and collaborative genre of video games Collaboration (Meij, Albers & Leemkuil, 2011) is an attempt to make an individual play, commercial off the shelf games, in pairs, rather than in a solitary mode. This strategy aims at benefitting from the resultant synergy as also to promote social interaction. Though the players reportedly benefitted a great deal from the opportu nity to discuss and analyse the test VIDEO GAMES DO NOT ENRICH PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS scores, surprisingly, collaboration did not exhibit any positive affect on gaming engagement and individual knowledge scores, presumably, because the game dialogues were concentrated on superficial gaming features such as game movements. Single player games The attractiveness of single player games is still hard to beat. Citing three examples of the best video games ever, namely, Roller Coaster Tycoon, The Sims and Grand Theft Auto III (Prensky, 2002), a comprehensive analysis elucidates through the 5 Ws - how, why, what, where and when/whether - the need for welcoming video games into the learning domain. Both the positive and
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
The Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal Dissertation
The Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal - Dissertation Example Performance appraisal refers to assess and analyze a worker’s performance and results at the work place. It refers to a system of retaining employees, by providing them the guidance, fair treatment and a sense of motivation towards work. These are built-in outcomes of a formally set performance appraisal system. Organizations need performance appraisal system due to multiple numbers of reasons. Out of all one major reason is employee performance and other is employee retention through employee rights. This chapter will signify the importance of performance appraisal system in the organization, by uncovering the effectiveness of the system and the positive outcomes it brings for the organization, managers and staff. To truly grasp the concept of performance appraisal and its effectiveness, a critical evaluation of the literature will be made. Research Aims and Objectives To determine the role of human resource management in achieving organizational goals. To determine how human resource management benefits employees to achieve organizational goals in Chinese business market. To analyze and assess the impact of performance appraisal on organizational performance. The aim is to focus on performance appraisal as one effective method of HRM to bring organizational performance. To understand the relationship between effective performance appraisal and organizational performance. To determine the relationship between effective performance appraisal and employee performance. The aim is to test and measure the effectiveness of performance appraisal of a selected food company in Hohhot China. Literature Review The Markets of Buying and Selling Labor When markets start flourishing with the capitalist regime, they have to bear challenges in the labor section. Markets which undertake industrialists’ basing and hold a major share of foreign direct investment, there is a chance that labor gets sidelined in such markets. India being an emerging industrialist econ omy upholds this situation where there is an excess of labor conflicts and strikes all over. Similarly, China where there is a trend of buying and selling labor in replacement of commodities, monetary and nonmonetary benefits precisely holds the same trend of labors’ strike and protesting. According to Chan (2010), in the last decade capitalism has been encircling around the communist state of China. A major investment has been brought into the Chinese private sector business which has invited the Stake holder’s interest and influence into the business function. Due to more power in hands of stake holders, the rights of labor are being avoided and ignored, which have created the revolt situation in most of the private sector firms. The protestation of labor is a situation where manpower has lost its focus, its direction and its willingness to work and perform respectively. The political segment of the country is dealing with this challenge as it is more on the national ist trail and wants to resolve the labor conflicts. This is because the country’s bureaucracy realizes the importance of labor power (manpower) - a source which it feels to be the primary base of industrialization and urbanization in the country (The Economist, 2010). From organizational point of view, employee constraining affects employee’s performance. Likewise, when employees are constrained by any means i.e by the market trend where labor is intensively sold and bought, they simply keep their directions straight- continuing to the job
Monday, October 7, 2019
NO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2
NO - Essay Example In as much as organizations such as Coca Cola have productively gone through the global expansion process, the efforts of several other entities have been unsuccessful. Consequently, market seekers should ascertain that they introduce strong and competitive brands into the foreign market and similarly make sure that they establish good customer relations for the investments to be rewarding (Hill, 2014). Cost minimizers take part in worldwide expansion by establishing low cost production sites in a foreign country in order to make sure that they remain cost competitive both locally and internationally. For such ventures to be successful, the entities should ensure that they put reasonable and affordable price tags on their products, as such an approach will directly benefit the customers, hence ensure that they widen their clientele. Since its establishment in 1911, IBM has unquestionably developed into one of the most reliable technological firms globally. Technology experts argue that the organization has remained relevant because of its competitive advantages that include continuous innovation, routinely introducing solid technology into the market and at the same time embracing the outside and inside practice where it listens to the input of both its employees and customers. Such advantages have fairly supplemented IBM’s efforts in global expansion. By listening to the input of its customers, the organization has for example established operations in smaller markets like Vietnam, Philippines and Czech Republic while at the same time taking advantage of growing economies like China as recommended by its market analysts. Cost-benefit analysis is different from capital budgeting analysis on the basis of their objectives, as the former focuses on both the benefits and costs of carrying out a given project over a specific period, while the latter examines the productivity of a foreign investment by incorporating the economic, political, social,
Sunday, October 6, 2019
The Relevance of Employee Engagement Indices as A Performance Research Paper
The Relevance of Employee Engagement Indices as A Performance - Research Paper Example Three articles have been chosen based on the following criterion: the relevance of these articles to the subject under examination. These articles are analyzed below focusing on their value for achieving the objectives of the proposed study. The first article is that of Siddhanta and Roy (2010). The specific article focuses on the relationship between employee engagement and productivity. The examination and the evaluation of this relationship is one of the study’s objectives. The article has been considered as important for the proposed study because of the following reasons: a) it helps to explore one of the study’s objectives, meaning especially the involvement of employee engagement in enhancing productivity in institutions; b) it presents a thorough analysis of the role of engagement within modern organizations. Also, engagement, as a concept, is explained in the context of its relationship with different aspects of the organization, such as ‘productivity, pr ofitability and customer satisfaction’ (Siddhanta and Roy, 2010, p. 172). The article of Siddhanta and Roy (2010) is based on literature review, meaning that no empirical research has been conducted for exploring the issues discussed in the article. The authors have used ‘integrative literature reviews’ (Siddhanta and Roy, 2010, p. 172) aiming to address all issues related to the subject under examination. At the same time, the findings of the literature review are presented using ‘a descriptive study manner’ (Siddhanta and Roy, 2010, p. 172). This technique helps to secure the credibility of assumptions produced through the findings of the literature. Furthermore, the findings of empirical research conducted by large firms such as Gallup and Hay Group (Siddhanta and Roy, 2010, p. 172) are presented and discussed in combination with the findings of the literature review. The specific practice further increases the credibility and the validity of the authors’ assumptions on the issue under examination. Under these terms, the study of Siddhanta and Roy (2010) is valuable for understanding the current position of engagement as a factor influencing organizational performance. The article of Bhatla (2011) focuses on the effect of employee engagement on employee performance. In this way, the impact of employee engagement on organizational productivity is verified especially since employee performance directly influences the performance of the organization, either in the short or the long term. The specific study is also related with one of the objectives of the proposed study. More specifically, as already explained, the proposed study aims to show the potential influence of employee engagement in increasing productivity in institutions. The study of Bhatla (2011) shows how employee engagement can affect employee performance; as a result, the role of employee engagement in organizational productivity is also made clear. One of the most important advantages of the article of Bhatla, compared to other studies related to the specific issue, is the following one: Bhatla has emphasized not only the theoretical but also on the practical aspects of employee engagement. More specifically, in the study of Bhatla, all aspects of employee engagement are explored using the literature published in this field. Moreover, a series
Saturday, October 5, 2019
Answer the questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4
Answer the questions - Assignment Example Secondly, McCoy was tired from the lock trek he had already been on; therefore, carrying the Sadhu down the slope was going to be a more than impossible task to accomplish. Additionally, everyone in the group was disjointed, and thus there was no common ground to make a decision. As a defense for McCoy, I would say that the circumstances that prevailed in the mountain provided him with little or no rope on which to make an informed decision. Each decision he would have made would have had consequences. The decision he made to treat the Sadhu for hypothermia helped a great deal to bring the Sadhu back to vigor from the lifeless state he had been in prior to the McCoy’s intervention. In conclusion, McCoy did something to mitigate the situation even if it was enough to suffice the situation. In this case, I think McCoy would have stopped to help. Women and children are vulnerable and as such, McCoy would have been motivated to help. Additionally, there is a vast chasm between the Western culture and Asian culture since McCoy hails from the western culture he would have stopped to help the western woman. Besides, children are a responsibility of everyone in the Western culture; therefore, he would have also been forced to help if it were a child. McCoy helping a western woman or a child matters because failure to do so would lead us to question his values, as well as moral grounding. Women and children are vulnerable and as such, it is essential to assist them. Context is essential for us to empathize with McCoy in this situation. Besides, context enables to learn from experiences and hence make a better decision in the future. The conditions that prevailed in McCoy’s case were grave, and McCoy was in danger of being spent up or getting an attack of altitude sickness. Absolutely. The dangers that one faces on top of the mountain are life-threatening in nature – altitude sickness, accidents, hypothermia – to mention but a few. When making a judgment, in
Friday, October 4, 2019
W.E Dubois Essay Example for Free
W.E Dubois Essay William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, known as W.E.B. Du Bois, was born on February 23, 1868, in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. In 1885, he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to attend Fisk University. It was there that he first encountered Jim Crow laws. For the first time, he began analyzing the deep troubles of American racism. After earning his bachelors degree at Fisk, Du Bois entered Harvard University. After completing his masters degree, he was selected for a study-abroad program at the University of Berlin. While in Germany, he studied with some of the most prominent social scientists of his day and was exposed to political perspectives that he remembered for the remainder of his life. In 1895, he became the first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University. A year later, Du Bois published The Philadelphia Negro, marking the beginning of his writing career. In 1903, he published The Souls of Black Folk, a collection of 14 essays. In the years following, he adamantly opposed the idea of biological white superiority and vocally supported womens rights. In 1909, he co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and served as the editor of the associations monthly magazine, The Crisis. Du Bois was a proponent of Pan Africanism and helped organize several Pan African Congresses to free African colonies from European powers. He died on August 27, 1963, at the age of 95 in Accra, Ghana, while working on an encyclopedia of the African Diaspora.
Thursday, October 3, 2019
Brain Swelling in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria
Brain Swelling in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria 1.5T MRI to Investigate Potential Etiologies of Brain Swelling in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria Abbreviations: Red Blood Cell (RBC) Parts per billion (ppb) Cerebral malaria (CM) Blood brain barrier (BBB) Abstract Objective: Cerebral malaria (CM) remains a common cause of death in African children. The pathologic hallmark of pediatric CM is sequestration of parasitized red blood cells in the cerebral microvasculature. Recent Malawi-based research utilizing a 0.35T MRI has established that severe brain swelling is associated with fatal CM, but the etiology of brain swelling remains unclear. Autopsy and clinical studies suggest several potential etiologies, but technical limitations of 0.35T MRI precluded optimal investigations into swelling pathophysiology. A 1.5T MRI in Zambia allowed for further investigations including susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). SWI is an ideal sequence for identifying regions of sequestration and microhemorrhages given the ferromagnetic properties of hemozoin and blood. Methods: Using 1.5T MRI, Zambian children with retinopathy-confirmed CM underwent imaging with SWI, T2, T1 pre- and post-gadolinium, DWI with ADC and T2/FLAIR sequences. Results: Sixteen children including two with moderate/severe edema were imaged. All survived. Gadolinium extravasation was not seen. Cerebral perfusion was intact with DWI abnormalities sparing the gray matter. SWI findings consistent with microhemorrhages and parasite sequestration co-occurred in white matter regions where DWI changes consistent with vascular congestion were seen. Findings consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a cause of swelling were also present. Interpretations: High field MRI findings indicate that vascular congestion associated with parasite sequestration, local inflammation from microhemorrhages and autoregulatory dysfunction contribute to brain swelling in CM. Keywords: sequestration; venous congestion; hemozoin Introduction: Pediatric cerebral malaria (CM), defined as P. falciparum peripheral parasitemia and unarousable coma with no other coma etiology evident, primarily affects children in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. Although antimalarial agents provide rapid parasite clearance, mortality rates remain high (8-25%) [2, 3]. The pathological hallmark of pediatric CM at autopsy is intravascular sequestration in which parasitized red blood cells (RBCs) adhere to the endothelium of cerebral microvessels. Although malaria causes almost a million deaths per year, neuroimaging capacity is typically limited in malaria-endemic regions. Only one large MRI case series from Malawi using a 0.35T MRI has provided insights into the in vivo structural abnormalities associated with pediatric CM [4]and CM mortality [5]. Other studies and case reports using higher field MRIs have been performed on adults [6, 7], but adult CM appears to represent a different disease syndrome [8]. In adult CM, coma onset largely occurs some days after illness onset in the setting of multisystem organ failure often including hepatic dysfunction, renal failure and gross electrolyte abnormalities. As such, the coma of adult CM is clinically dominated by the effects of a toxic, metabolic encephalopathy. In contrast, in pediatric CM coma onset occurs very early in the malaria illness, often as one of the first signs of the illness, with very limited hepatic or renal involvement and no evident systemic cause for coma. MRI insights gained from imaging pediatric CM to date have been limited to low field MRI technology. The recent pediatric CM MRI study used 0.35T technology to establish that increased intracranial pressure due to increased brain volume is the cause of death in CM [9], but the low field MRI technology was unable to further evaluated the potential etiologies of brain swelling in pediatric CM, so the underlying cause(s) of cerebral edema in CM remains unclear. Further study delineating the underlying cause(s) of swelling is needed to develop appropriate interventions. Potential etiologies suggested by autopsy and clinical studies include any/all of the following: (a) blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown with resultant vasogenic edema [10, 11]; (b) impaired perfusion resulting in cell death with cytotoxic edema [12]; (c) vascular congestion due to occlusion at the post-capillary venules [13]; (d) hyperemia with auto-regulatory dysfunction due to endothelial injury and CM-associated seizures, anemia and hyperpyrexia [14, 15], [16]; and (e) diffuse cerebral microhemorrhages (i.e. ring hem orrhages) [11]. Hemozoin is an iron-rich breakdown product of the parasites metabolism of hemoglobin [5]. Hemozoin is present primarily in mature, sequestered parasites. Thus, susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) [17], which is extremely sensitive to the magnetic field inhomogeneity caused by ferromagnetic substances, is an ideal imaging sequence for identifying regions of parasite sequestration. SWI also offers the ability to identify small hemorrhages on the order of several  µg of blood per gram of tissue [18],[19]. We hypothesized that imaging retinopathy-confirmed pediatric CM with a 1.5T MRI including DWI, SWI and gadolinium enhanced sequences would identify pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cerebral edema in pediatric CM and undertook an imaging study of CM in Zambia where 1.5T MRI is available specifically seeking evidence of blood brain barrier breakdown, impaired perfusion, parasite sequestration, autoregulatory dysfunction and microhemorrhages. Material and Methods: Subjects and Recruitment During the malaria seasons (Jan-June) in 2012-2014, comatose children with retinopathy-confirmed [20] CM underwent brain MRI on the 1.5T MRI scanner (Siemens Magnetom Essenza using Syngo MR 200 4A version software, Germany) at the Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia within 24 hours of admission. Inclusion criteria were: (1) admission to the pediatric high care unit of the University Teaching Hospital, (2) a Blantyre Coma Score of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 2 [21], (3) P. falciparum infection as determined by a Paracheck Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), (4) the presence of malarial retinopathy, and (5) no other evident etiology for coma. A thick peripheral blood smear to identify parasitemia was also obtained prior to recruitment, but was not immediately available and was not required for inclusion. All children received standard antimalarial treatment, anticonvulsants, antipyretics, antibiotics and blood transfusions, as clinically indicated and in accordance with national treatment guidelin es. As per present treatment standards, no steroids were given. Children with comorbid meningitis as determined by cerebrospinal fluid analysis were excluded from enrollment. Written consent was obtained from the childs parent or guardian. Children with impaired renal function (creatinine à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥2.0) did not receive gadolinium. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of Zambia, Michigan State University and the University of Rochester. Imaging Gadolinium (Magnevist) doses were determined by individual patient weight and administered intravenously (0.2 mL/kg, 0.1 mmol/kg) by hand injection. The scanning protocol is provided in an appendix. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculations were provided by the standard Siemens software algorithms [22]. SWI phase images were collected unfiltered and post-processed with a 6464 high pass filter then viewed using SPIN (signal processing in nMR) software. SWI was also collected with a shorter echo time (15ms) for some subjects to avoid potential aliasing [17]. Interpretation Images were reviewed independently by two radiologists (MJP; neuroradiologist, and SDK; MRI fellowship trained radiologist) and data were managed using NeuroInterp, a web-based program that allows radiographic findings to be entered into a searchable and quantified database [23]. Reader discrepancies, determined in advance of the analysis, were reevaluated by the two radiologists to develop a consensus interpretation. Increased brain volume, the imaging finding associated with fatal cerebral malaria, was rated on a scale from 1-8 with 3 being no edema, 1 and 2 indicating atrophy. An edema score of 4-5 indicated minimal-mild edema, with no loss of sulcal markings. Grade 6 (moderate edema) was defined as loss of some sulcal markings. An edema score of 7 represented moderate/severe edema with diffuse sulcal and cisternal effacement universally evident but without herniation present, and the severe edema score of 8 required sulcal and cisternal effacement with evidence of herniation. MRI findings coded within the NeuroInterp database that could plausibly be associated with the five potential pathogenic mechanisms of brain swelling in CM were then reviewed. Specifically, (a) to evaluate diffuse BBB breakdown causing vasogenic edema, we looked for evidence of gadolinium enhancement [24], (b) to assess for impaired perfusion and subsequent cytotoxic edema we looked for gray matter diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities [25], (c) evidence for vascular congestion or venous micro-occlusion was sought by looking for white matter DWI abnormalities [26], (d) autoregulatory dysfunction was evaluated by looking for focal regions of symmetric hemispheric edema of varying confluence in regions susceptible to autoregulatory vulnerabilities [9, 27], and (e) SWI abnormalities were assessed clinically and quantitatively based upon effective voxel susceptibility with the anticipation that these would be located in the same anatomical regions as ring hemorrhages and sequest ration have been identified in prior autopsy studies [28]. Given the small anticipated sample size ( Results: Patient Characteristics and Data Acquisition Twenty three children met study inclusion criteria during the enrollment period. Parents declined participation for 2 children and 5 children were deemed too ill to transfer for imaging or died before imaging could be performed, so 16 subjects were imaged5 (31%) were male and the mean age was 6.4 years (range 1-15). Table 1 provides demographic data and admission clinical characteristics from the 16 subjects who were imaged. Of the 5 consented children who were not imaged, 3 died. Among the 16 subjects imaged, the scans for one patient was non-diagnostic on the SWI sequence due to movement artifact. Renal function could not be ascertained on two children, so these subjects did not receive gadolinium. There were no fatalities among the imaged study subjects and none had clinical sequelae evident at discharge. Table 2 provides the frequencies of the 1.5T MRI findings identified and captured in NeuroInterp. MRI Findings Increased brain volume: None of the subjects had severe (grade 8) edema. Moderate/severe (grade 7) edema was present in 2/16 (13%); moderate (grade 6) edema in 4/16 (25%); minimal/mild (grade 4 5) edema in 7/16 (44%) and no edema in 3/16 (19%). T2 signal changes: The total number of cases exhibiting white matter increased T2 signal was 12/16 (75%), and two distinct patterns were observed: primarily subcortical (10/12, or 83%) and primarily periventricular/peritrigoneal (2/12, 17%) (Figure 1). These generally occurred in isolation; only 2 cases had both findings. Gadolinium enhancement: The expected normal physiological intravascular and circumventricular organ enhancement was evident in all subjects on the post-contrast images (Figure 2). A small region of subtle focal cortical enhancement was seen in one subject with positive SWI signal and no associated T2 abnormalities consistent with a capillary telangiectasia. There was no evidence of gadolinium extravasation in the other 13 patients who received contrast. Cortical findings: Cortical swelling and increased T2 signal was seen in 10/16 (63%), but these signal abnormalities were relatively mild in extent, confluent, and without associated cortical DWI findings. Increased cortical T2 signal was generally diffuse, with only 2/16 (13%) having a posterior predominant pattern [4]. DWI showed restricted water diffusion in the subcortical white matter in 10/16 (63%) which was confirmed by accompanying ADC maps. Basal Ganglia and Thalamus Abnormalities: The structures in the basal ganglia had different levels of involvement. T2/FLAIR signal abnormalities were present in the globus pallidus and putamen in 10/16 (63%), and the caudate in 9/16 (56%). While frequently involved simultaneously, there was generally a region of predominance (Figure 3). Regional differences were also illustrated in the DWI images. Fifty six percent of subjects had DWI abnormalities in the globus pallidus, 13% in the putamen and none in the caudate. Pontine and Brainstem Signal Abnormalities: This was assessed at two levels, within the pons at the level of the middle cerebellar peduncle and within the brainstem at the level of the substantia nigra. Pontine involvement was seen in 9/16 (56%) and brainstem in 11/16 (69%). Abnormalities were usually diffuse, and consisted of generalized increase in T2 signal. However, focal areas of involvement were also seen. Corpus callosum: Showed increased T2 signal and thickening in 10/16 (63%) with 6/10 having associated positive DWI findings as confirmed by ADC maps. The splenium was the primary site of involvement in 9/10 (90%) of cases. SWI Findings: Decreased signal is defined as a positive SWI finding as it localizes to areas of magnetic field inhomogeneity caused by the presence of a ferromagnetic substance (Figure 4). SWI findings were noted along the regions of the venules of both the superficial and deep venous systems corresponding to areas of parasite sequestration and ring hemorrhages. SWI resolution did not allow distinction between gray and white matter involvement in the cerebellum. One SWI dataset was not interpretable due to severe motion artifact. In the remaining cases, 7/15 (47%) showed abnormal paramagnetic signal within the following regions of the parenchyma: corpus callosum (7/15, 47%), sub-cortical white matter (6/15, 40%), cerebellum (5/15, 33%), lenticulae striate (5/15, 33%), and periventricular white matter (2/15, 13%). In two subjects, both the internal capsule and optic radiation had abnormal paramagnetic signal. The susceptibility of heavily infected red blood cells is ~1880 parts per billion (ppb) relative to water [18]. The effective voxel susceptibilities in the corpus callosum and junction of the cortical gray and white matter was 50 ppb relative to water in SWIM. As distributed within the voxel, this represents a 1/38th decrease in susceptibility. Given the voxel size of 0.5 x 0.5 x 2.0 mm3, this represents 1/78th  µL. Assuming the capillary volume is ~5% (or 1/20th of the pixel) [29], this indicates that ~half of the capillaries are filled with hemozoin. The combination of moderate to severe symmetrical cortical swelling (edema score of 6 or 7), with corresponding underlying subcortical white matter changes with associated DWI and ADC findings was evident in 4/16 (25%) of cases (Figure 5) with two of the four showing a predominantly posterior distribution. Table 3 summarizes the MRI findings seen using 1.5T in 16 Zambian children with CM in the context of the proposed mechanisms for brain swelling in CM and the 1.5T MRI findings anticipated for each mechanism. Discussion: MRI findings using a 0.35T MRI have shown that death from pediatric CM occurs due to increased brain volume [9] but low field MRI was unable to further delineate the etiology for the brain swelling. Interventions studies aimed at reducing or preventing cerebral edema in CM would ideally target the underlying mechanism of swelling. Existing clinical and autopsy data suggest at least five potential etiologies for brain swelling in CM. In this study, we describe what the MRI findings associated with each of these potential etiologies would be and then used 1.5T MRI in children with retinopathy-confirmed CM to identify the presence or absence of findings consistent with each of the five proposed etiologies. As such, the results of this study can be subdivided into evidence both for and against these specific potential origins of brain swelling in pediatric CM. Decreased SWI signal was evident on the brain MRIs of children with CM and furthermore these changes were seen in regions where autopsy studies have shown microhemorrhages (Figure 6) as well as in the regions where sequestration is common. Since the SWI signal effectively identifies blood and hemozoin, both sequestration and ring hemorrhages were likely identified. Marked T2/DWI abnormalities were evident in the subcortical brain regions most sensitive to venous outflow obstruction. If perfusion is obstructed in regions with SWI signal changes, then blood flow to the tissue would decrease by ~50% which is consistent with what is seen in an animal model of malaria where blood flow was found to be reduced to 53% +/- 12% [29]. In the setting of the sequestration-associated SWI abnormalities and intact large venous drainage systems (i.e. no venous thrombosis), the T2/DWI findings are strongly suggestive of a venous obstruction phenomenon in the capillary bed system. Much of what is known about pediatric cerebral malaria has been learned from autopsy studies, so it is reassuring to see that the distribution of microhemorrhages and parasite sequestration found in prior autopsy studies are very similar in distribution to the microhemorrhages and parasite sequestration identified in living children who survived CM. Vasogenic edema was demonstrated by increased T2 signal in the white matter. Cytotoxic edema has a similar appearance, but is accompanied by restricted water motion identified by increased DWI signal. Both were evident in this cohort, with cytotoxic being more common. This tended to be significant and diffuse. None of these children died and there were no clinical sequelae at discharge, suggesting that the process is reversible, and may represent early cytotoxic edema rather than tissue infarction. MRI findings of symmetrical cortical swelling with underlying white matter changes were seen, consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and suggestive of autoregulatory dysfunction. Pediatric CM is congruent with many other clinical conditions associated with PRES. Specifically, pediatric CM generally involves a rapid neurologic deterioration, usually in the setting of seizure, followed by relativity prompt full recovery in most patients. Radiographically, brain swelling with underlying vasogenic edema associated with positive DWI findings is the hallmark of both CM and PRES [4, 16]. Autoregulatory dysfunction as a result of the primarily endothelial process associated with parasite sequestration in CM may result in vasoconstriction coupled with hypoperfusion causing vasogenic edema and associated brain swelling. This is the favored theory for the etiology of the radiographic findings seen in PRES [27]. We found no evidence of cortical cytotoxic edema and there was no radiographic evidence of gadolinium enhancement although gadolinium was clearly seen within the vessels and in circumventricular organs. Gadolinium, as a contrast agent, is chelated by a range of very small molecules (Magnevist 0.54kDa)[30]. These agents are all hydrophobic, so they do not cross the intact BBB. At autopsy in CM, areas of sequestration show fibrinogen (340kDa)[24] leakage and ring hemorrhages which require sufficient BBB breakdown to allow a deformable, non-parasitized blood cells (7  µM) to escape. The SWI imaging in this study identified ring hemorrhages so some BBB breakdown associated with their presence must have occurred, but if there was associated gadolinium extravasation, the quantity and concentration of gadolinium was insufficient to be visually evident on MRI. Gross BBB breakdown indicative of severe vasogenic edema was not evident in this small series of non-fatal pediatric CM. This study is limited by the small sample size, less severe disease spectrum, and lack of a comparison group. In Zambia, children felt to be at risk of imminent death were not imaged since transport for imaging there requires ambulance transportation to an adjacent facility. The small number of subjects prevented meaningful quantitative analyses despite the use of NeuroInterp. Although no a prior analyses were planned, we did conducted a post-hoc comparison to determine if the edema score or the presence of SWI, DWI, or focal cortical abnormalities was associated with age, coma duration prior to admission or the seizures prior to admission. No associations were found (all ps >0.05). The absence of subjects with severe brain swelling or fatal disease may have impacted our findings, as florid BBB breakdown might not occur to a significant degree in less severe CM. Normal MRIs on a similar aged comparison group were not available. In the Zambian setting, most imaging is obtained on adva nced disease with normal images being uncommon. Acquisition of imaging in an age-comparable group of healthy children was not feasible given the risk of sedation, particularly in this environment. Finally, more quantitative MRI analyses would have allowed more optimal assessments, but the power injections equipment required to obtain perfusion studies and/or dynamic contrast enhanced studies, which could detect contrast influx too small to be visually evident, is prohibitively expensive and was not available in this resource limited setting. Conclusions: Pediatric CM brain MRI findings in non-fatal cases using 1.5T technology suggest that vascular congestion, autoregulatory dysfunction, and microhemorrhages likely contribute to brain swelling pathogenesis. References [1] WHO, World Malaria Report, 2011. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2016/report/en/ [2] A.M. Dondorp, C.I. Fanello, I.C. Hendriksen, E. Gomes, A. Seni, K.D. Chhaganlal, K. Bojang, R. Olaosebikan, N. Anunobi, K. Maitland, E. Kivaya, T. Agbenyega, S.B. Nguah, J. Evans, S. Gesase, C. Kahabuka, G. Mtove, B. Nadjm, J. Deen, J. Mwanga-Amumpaire, M. Nansumba, C. Karema, N. Umulisa, A. 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